China's corn harvest mechanization started late, harvesting mainly depends on labor, mechanized harvesting is very low, the level of corn planting machines reached 58.7%, and the machine harvesting level is less than 5%, which is the most prominent and weakest link in the whole mechanization of corn production. Restricted the development of the corn industry. There are many reasons for the slow development of corn harvest mechanization, including the reasons for the unequal spacing of corn planting, different harvesting techniques, low corn prices, high harvester costs, etc., as well as factors such as the reliability and poor adaptability of organic machinery. In particular, China's current family contract responsibility system, farmers share a small field of responsibility, less space and ridges on the ground, is not conducive to the application of large-scale corn combine harvester, affecting the continuity of operations and production efficiency. Developing low-cost, practical corn harvesting machinery suitable for farmers is a top priority. Among them, the hanging corn harvesting machinery has developed rapidly in recent years in China. The characteristics of the model are that it can be used with different types of tractors, which is convenient and flexible, small in size, and low in cost. After harvesting, it does not occupy power and the tractor can continue to be used. It is suitable for small-scale field work in rural areas in China. The current harvesting technology of the hanging corn harvester is generally: picking - peeling - collecting the ear - stem returning (or collecting), can complete the whole process of large-scale combine harvester, and is favored by farmers. However, due to its structural defects, there are still many deficiencies. Therefore, scientific research departments and manufacturers need to make great efforts to solve them. I. Problems with hanging corn harvesters 1. The weight of the maize picking table makes the tractor's front wheel load heavier As the entire maize picking station is suspended in front of the tractor, almost all of its quality is added to the front wheel of the tractor, resulting in reduced tractor walking and cornering performance, and greatly affecting maneuverability and safety, resulting in the operation of the suspended model. Travel speed and work efficiency are greatly limited. According to statistics, the quality of the picking platform of the second-row corn combine harvester is generally between 800 and 900 kg, which greatly affects the performance of the suspended model. 2. Tractor front side suspension mass offset seriously affects operating performance The harvested corn ears are conveyed from the front of the tractor to the conveyor in the top and bottom peeling machines. They are all arranged on the side of the picking table and offset the weight of the suspension in front of the tractor (weighing about 150 kg), seriously affecting Tractor handling performance. The power required by almost all models of conveyors is now provided by the picking table transmission. The front end of the conveyor is fixed on the hanging corn picking table and lifts up and down with the lifting of the picking table, which also increases the front of the tractor. Suspended additional mass. 3. Manual adjustment of the picking table results in poor machine adaptability to line spacing Most of the existing corn hanging harvesters use a sliding connection or a direct fixed connection between the bracket of the picking table and the front suspension bracket of the tractor. Before the harvesting operation, the working height of the picking table can be manually adjusted, but the lifting and lowering of the picking table cannot be controlled at any time in the operation, so that the machine adapts to the row spacing and the harvesting capacity and harvesting of the inclined lodging corn and low-corn corn. Quality (high breakage rate) has an adverse effect. 4. The large required power limits the promotion and application of the machine To complete the picking-skinning-ear harvesting-stalk returning corn production process, the tractor power is required to be greater than 44.1 kW (60 hp), but at the present stage there are not many tractors in rural China with 44.1 kW, limiting the hanging corn harvester Application promotion. Second, the improvement of the hanging corn harvester By summarizing the current existing corn harvesting machinery and based on full investigation, a new type of hanging corn harvesting machine was developed. The machine has compact structure, simple operation and maintenance, high passability, wide adaptability and high reliability, and has the following advantages: First, it can complete the production process of corn picking, peeling, transportation, packing, straw returning, etc. The work efficiency is high; the second is to achieve self-determination, and has good adaptability to different row spacing and different varieties of corn, adopting a new type of picking structure, advanced picking mechanism, fast picking and saving effort, and ear Small damage, less grain loss; Third, the straw returning machine uses a spiral cutting device consisting of a movable knife and a fixed knife, which has the advantages of short straw cutting and low crop residue. The specific improvement measures are as follows: 1) For the existing tractor-mounted corn harvester, the problem of over-loading the front wheel of the tractor is to abandon the traditional complex reeling mechanism consisting of sprockets, chains, reeding teeth, gears and bevel gears. The screw conveyor mechanism simplifies the structure. The main power of the picking roller group is input by the drive chain, and the rotating parts of the active picking roller, the passive picking roller, and the screw reel mechanism are connected by only one pair of gears, which not only greatly reduces the quality of the machine, but also The torque applied to the front wheel of the tractor is greatly reduced. At the same time, the maize picking platform is hinged on the tractor support, and the hydraulic cylinder is used to connect the main beam of the corn picking table with the tractor support. The hydraulic cylinder controls the rotation of the corn picking table around the suspension axis to achieve the picking table during the operation. Free rise and fall. This coupling method allows the ground clearance of the picking table to be adjusted as needed, which improves the adaptability of the row spacing of the machine and the harvesting ability of the inclined lodging corn, reduces the material and weight of the suspension joint part, and effectively improves the joint harvesting of corn. Machine operating performance. 2) The harvested corn ear is conveyed to the conveyor in the peeling machine. The conveyor is separated from the picking table at the time of installation, and is directly fixed on the side of the tractor support. The tractor frame provides power for it, which not only eliminates the conveyor plus The additional load for the picking table simplifies the conveying mechanism and the transmission mechanism, and enables the picking table to be adjusted freely. 3) The straw returning section adopts a spiral cutting device composed of a movable knife and a fixed knife, which is used to cut the straw instead of smashing it, which satisfies the requirements of the corn straw returning to the field and greatly saves the power. This two-row corn harvester was able to use a 16.17 kW (22 horsepower) tractor to drive operations, greatly reducing harvesting costs. As this kind of low-power tractor is very popular in rural China and has a large amount of storage, it is conducive to the promotion of hanging corn harvesters. 4) The newly-designed hanging corn harvester is equipped with a picking roller and a spiral cutting device. It has a high line spacing adaptability and can complete corn picking, peeling of the ears, and harvesting of the ears within one working area. Loading. The whole process of straw returning to the field has solved a big problem in the harvesting of corn - wide and narrow spacing planting. Third, the conclusion Through the field harvesting test, the machine has the advantages of flexible operation, easy maintenance, safety and reliability, and lightening of the labor intensity of farmers, which improves the productivity; changing the straw to green manure, effectively enhances the soil quality, promotes crop yield increase and efficiency, and reduces environmental pollution; The use of this machine than the artificial harvest to improve efficiency nearly 30 times, reduce the loss of 3% to 5%; due to the simplification of the transmission part, the assembly of low quality requirements, so that the overall performance and reliability have improved. 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