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Correct use of rice combine harvesters
The northern market is dominated by large- and medium-size rice-wheat combine harvesters. Wheel-type full feed combine harvester is just a transitional model in the development of harvest mechanization and will be gradually replaced by advanced and applicable Models. The track-type full-feed combine harvester is still the main model of rice and wheat harvesting machinery for the current and future periods of time. It has a simple structure, moderate price, economical cost, ease of use, and less failure. Therefore, such models will continue to be favored by Chinese farmers in the next few years. Through the use of the past few years shows that the aircraft still has many shortcomings and needs further improvement. It is particularly suitable for track-type feeding of rice-wheat combine harvesters in the northern region. However, the following points must be observed during use to enable the machine to perform better. First, the machine should pay attention to the following issues before use in the busy season 1 to 2 months before the harvest, ask the technician to do a comprehensive in-depth maintenance and repair of the combine harvester, until it is confirmed that the entire harvest can be normal operation. Before harvesting, check and repair the harvester. Check whether the moving and static blade movement is flexible, whether there is warping damage, whether the knife guard is damaged, repair or replace the damaged parts, and make adjustments to restore the machine tool to the normal technical state. Check the transmission parts, check the tightness of the conveyor belt, whether it is damaged, whether the operation is normal, and check the connection parts. After the overhaul, the harvester is commissioned, and the rotating parts of the machine are first hand-picked. If there is no abnormality, the engine is started, and the engine speed is slowly increased. After the partial machine is tried first, the problem can be found when the machine is running. To observe the operating conditions of each component, when running at rated speed, stop once every 30 minutes, check whether the temperature rise of each drive bearing is normal, and whether there is any looseness in the fastening joints. If any problems should be solved in a timely and proper manner. . Pay attention to safety during maintenance. Pay attention to the wear of the threshing mechanism during maintenance. The wear of the pattern bar or spike and the deformation and wear of the concave grid can affect the de-purification rate of rice and wheat. Therefore, for harvesters that have been used for a long time, they must be inspected before the harvesting operation, and parts that have been deformed or that are seriously worn should be promptly repaired or replaced. It is worth noting that such repairs should be carried out at a regular repair facility to ensure stable operation of the threshing drum. If it is a newly purchased machine, follow the steps required in the instructions to make a good trial run. It is equipped with the tools, consumable parts and oils that are commonly used in operations, such as bolts, gaskets and greases. In-depth work areas in advance, a detailed understanding of the distribution of crops to be harvested, growth, maturity and roads, etc., to develop a most reasonable harvesting route. Before the formal harvesting, a representative field trial cut should be selected to find out and solve the problems that have been overlooked or difficult to solve in the above-mentioned maintenance or test run. At the same time, the user's requirements for harvesting quality should be solicited to make certain targeted adjustments to the machine. Second, the machine should pay attention to the problem in the use of 1. The correct choice of operating speed Under normal circumstances, if the land is flat, the same grain maturity and in the waxing stage, field weeds are less, you can properly improve the harvester Forward speed. Rice and wheat have higher humidity during late milking or early waxing, and they have to choose a lower speed when harvesting. In the waxing stage or late waxing stage, the humidity is relatively small and matures evenly, and the forward speed can be appropriately selected to be higher. After the rain, or in the morning and evening, the dew is large, and the moisture of the rice straw is high, and the speed of advancement during harvesting should be lower. Before and after noon on sunny days, the straw and rice straws were dried, and the forward speed was selected to be faster. For rice and wheat with high density, high plant height, and good yield, the speed of advance should be slower when harvesting, and the speed of rice and wheat with low density and short thinness should be faster. After observation for a period of time, the state of the technology is indeed stable and reliable, and the rice and wheat are mature and dry. The speed of advancement can be faster in order to fully realize the efficiency of machine operations. Worm wounds should be harvested slowly and slowly. Because pests and leaves are easy to break, it is difficult to sieve with the valley. If the speed of the power machine is low and the harvest speed is fast, the valley will blow to the ground with the loquat leaves. Choose the right job and job time. The operating time of the combine harvester should be determined according to the specific conditions of the weather. Generally, the principle of “late delivery and late delivery†is adopted. You can make use of the more comprehensive technical maintenance of the locomotive during the period when the morning crop is relatively humid, and take it out after the dew drops in the evening. Harvesting during this period of time not only has high efficiency but also has a small loss of work. 2. The width of the harvesting width should be appropriate. When the harvester is in good condition, the full load operation should be carried out as much as possible, but the feed amount cannot exceed the specified permit value. During the operation, there can be no missing cuts, and the cut width is controlled at the cut. 90% of the table width is good. 3. Correctly control the height of stubble. Under the condition of ensuring normal harvesting, the cutting should be as low as possible, but the minimum must not be less than 6cm, otherwise it will cause the knife to eat mud, which will accelerate the wear and damage of the knife edge. The height of stubble is generally not more than 15cm, and it should not be a one-sided pursuit of high productivity and high cutting costs. Otherwise, due to fluctuations in rice harvesting, or when the locomotive passes over the field, the cutting table fluctuates up and down, resulting in the loss of rice and wheat. At the same time, if the cut is too high, the reeling function of the reel is reduced and the rice and wheat harvested are easily lost on the ground. 4. The correct choice of work walking method There are three kinds of walking methods when the harvester works: 1 clockwise centripetal rotation method; 2 counterclockwise centripetal rotation method; 3 spindle type harvesting method. In the specific operation, the operator should be flexibly selected according to the actual situation of the site. The general principle is: First, it is convenient and quick to discharge food; second, it is necessary to reduce the number of locomotives. 5. During operation, the straight-line driving harvester shall maintain a straight line, allowing slight correction of the direction, but it is not free to pull the steering handle, because a handle, rapid change of the harvesting opportunity, the front part will overwhelm the uncut crops, Overwhelming crops cannot enter the feed inlet, increasing the loss rate. When turning around, turning the steering handle should be done after reversing. Because the scissor's parts come into contact with the crop as it advances, the harvester turns to bring the crop down. If you turn slowly when you recede, the scissors components are separated from the front uncut crop and will not bring down the crop. When turning, it is necessary to stop harvesting. Use reversing turn or turn to make a right-angle turn. Look for the directionality once in place. Do not cut edges and turn quickly. Otherwise, the harvester will overwhelm the uncut wheat and cause leakage. Cutting loss. 6. Reasonable use of harvesters Rice and wheat are forbidden from harvesting during the milk ripening period, when there is no broken pulp; it is not appropriate to use mechanical harvesting for rice and wheat that have been overly severed; just under the rain, the humidity of the straw is too high to be forcibly harvested by machinery. Operators should be able to use mechanical harvesting to meet user requirements as far as possible according to the actual situation. For individual cases that cannot be harvested, do not use mechanical harvesting. Do as much as possible to explain the work to the user to avoid negative effects. The threshing drum speed and threshing gap should meet the technical requirements. The rotation speed of the threshing drum and the size of the threshing gap are important factors affecting the rice and wheat denitrification rate. In order to ensure the stability of the rotating speed of the drum, the speed of the vehicle must not be changed by changing the size of the throttle, and the method of reducing the speed of the throttle may not be used to reduce the speed of the vehicle. The operation should try to keep the crops even and the amount of feeding should not be too large. Affects the threshing quality. For the threshing gap, it is necessary to adjust according to the crop variety, maturity and humidity, etc. The adjustment principle: under the premise of satisfying the de-purge rate, the threshing gap can be appropriately increased to reduce the rice and wheat crushing rate and reduce the drum The probability of congestion. Always check the work of the document processor. In the whole process of the combine harvester, the separation mechanism is the weakest link. When the amount of explants exceeds the rated entry volume, the stem is wet, and the weed content is large, the loss of separation increases. Therefore, in the operation, it is necessary to check the plugging of straw in the drafter box and remove the fault in time. The most common method is to reduce the amount of feed, the correct choice of harvest period and the appropriate increase in cutting height. Correctly adjust the screen opening and fan air volume. Combine harvester cleaning device is widely used in the air flow screen type, reducing the airflow can reduce the loss of cleaning, but the cleanliness rate decreased; the other hand, increased cleanliness, increased cleaning losses. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the adjustment in an overall manner and cannot emphasize the cleanliness ratio. The principle of adjustment: In the case of ensuring that the clean-up loss rate does not exceed the standard, reduce the opening degree of the screen and increase the air volume of the fan to increase the cleanliness of the grain. Accurate harvesting of lodging crops. Reduce cuts appropriately to reduce missed cuts; reel shifts should be carried forward to enhance abutment; for crops with more severe lodgings, measures should be taken in reverse lodging to reduce speed or reduce feed. It's good to go back uphill when you cross the field. The front of the combine harvester is light and goes uphill over the field. The front of the harvester is lifted high. When it moves over the center of gravity, it will fall suddenly and it is easy to damage the mechanical parts. Operators are also prone to bruises. 7. Correctly adjust the position of the reel wheel in the level of the reel wheel. The position of the reel wheel should be adjusted according to the specific conditions of the crop. In general, the position of the reeds should be suitable for the crop to be cut at 2/3 of the crop to be cut; the position of the reeds should be determined according to the crop density and degree of lodging. When the crop plants are dense and lodging, move forward appropriately. To enhance the ability to assist. The position of the reel wheel is too high, and the reel is easy to hit the head of the head; before the position is too far, the frequency of reeling the crop is increased. All of these are liable to cause the shedding of kernels and increase the loss of work, especially at the later stage of the operation. 8. Regularly clean the dust, weeds and other debris from the harvester to keep the implement clean and ensure the normal operation of the implement. Lubricate the running parts as required. Author unit: Hailin Agricultural Machinery Station, Heilongjiang Province