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Chinese cabbage cabbage prefers cool climate, and the optimum temperature varies depending on the variety. Generally speaking, the coated varieties are more heat-resistant, and the appropriate fertility temperature is between 20-250C. The cohesive-type breeds prefer a colder climate, and the fertility temperature is about 15-200C. When the temperature is too high, the growth is weak and the ball is smaller. If the temperature is too high, the soft rot is easy to occur. When the temperature is too low, it will promote the differentiation of flower buds and early bolting, affecting the yield and quality.
The Chinese cabbage root group is slender and shallow rooted and is not tolerant to drought. Soils with deep topsoil, organic-rich sandy loam, and clayy loam are preferred, and they grow slowly in viscous soils. The soil pH is suitable between 5.5 and 6.8. To avoid soil-borne diseases, it should not be used in conjunction with other cruciferous crops.
Second, cultivation and management:
(i) Seeding:
Heat-resistant varieties can be sown from early May to early July. Others [[image1]][[center]][[/center]] can be sown in July-September; The weather is slightly different and should be determined by market conditions. The newly harvested Chinese cabbage seeds have dormancy and the dormancy period is about 2 months. The seed germination temperature is about 18-220C. Chinese cabbage can be used live or nursery transplants. When broadcast live, on-demand, according to the planting distance of 4-5 seeds per hole, sprouting after the seedlings, one for each hole. Such as nutrition seedlings nursery, it is best to use the plug with (King Montreal) medium seedlings, sowing 2 seeds per hole, about 18 days of seedlings, 3-4 true leaves when planting. The amount of seed used per acre, about 70 grams of live broadcast, about 30 grams of seedlings.
(ii) Planting and planting:
The ditching is performed at a row spacing, and a double row sorghum is produced after the basal fertilizer is applied. The high-altitude sloping land can be planted along a contour along the height line. Middle and late students and late varieties, spacing 70 cm, spacing 50 cm.
(c) Fertilization:
Early-breeding fertility is rapid, and basal fertilizer should be re-used. Topdressing should also be applied early. The amount of fertilizer applied is shown in the following table for reference. (kg/mu)
The three elements of the application method of nitrogen 18-20 40-50% for the base fertilizer, the remaining 3 times for top dressing.
Phosphorus 12-15 more than 60% of basal fertilizer, for the second time after the top dressing. The whole amount can also be basal fertilizer.
Potassium 15-18 60% base fertilizer, the remaining points for the second top dressing.
Piles of manure fertilizer 2000 kilograms per acre is used as a base fertilizer, applied to the base fertilizer ditch, and the base fertilizer of chemical fertilizer is applied to the pile fertilizer. The stack fertilizer can also be turned into the soil after full application. The first top-dressing, live broadcasts were made when the leaves were 2-3 pieces or after the transplants became alive. The second time after topdressing 10-15 days after the first time, the three elements of fertilizers are mixed and applied on the side of the plant or on the shoulders of the mantle, and then soil and irrigation. The first time the fertilizer is applied, it will be separated every 10-15 days. After the water is poured, no water will accumulate in the gutter. In areas with magnesium deficiency, 5-10 kg of magnesium sulfate should be added as the base fertilizer per acre, and in areas with a deficiency of boron, 1 kg of borax should be added as a base fertilizer.
(iv) Other management:
After sowing cabbage, or after planting, 44.5% Sanfornian emulsion can be used, 0.2 liters per acre, 500 times evenly sprayed on the surface of the soil to prevent weed germination. Chinese cabbage with shallow roots, not tolerant to drought, should pay attention to irrigation during the growth period. The rainy season should be used as a sorghum, pay attention to drainage to reduce the root rot, smash the surface and apply straw, prevent erosion and soil temperature rise, and keep the blade clean and soilless. In the rainy season, it is best to cover the surface with a silver-black plastic film and then plant it so as to prevent the soil from eroding and the soil is too wet, and to reduce the evaporation of soil water to save weeding costs. However, cabbage is cultivated at high temperature. You should not apply plastic film on your face.
Third, pest and disease control:
(i) Soft Rot Disease:
Bacterial diseases are prone to occur in high temperature and rainy season, especially in the ball-forming period. The base of the leaf, the head of the root, or the base of the ball are most prone to onset. The lesions are first stained with water spots, and then soften and rot, and there is malodour.
Prevention Law: 1, the implementation of rotation. 2, choose resistance or disease-resistant varieties. 3, choose a good drainage. 4, for high-profile. 5 Control pests and avoid the occurrence of wounds so as to prevent the invasion of pathogens from the wounds. 6. Control irrigation when the disease is severe. 7. Add water 1000 times with 12.5% ​​streptomycin solution, or 500 times with 16.5% streptomycin 100 WP, or 500 times with 40% Sodium copper wettable powder every 7 days during the nodule period. Or use 68.8% multi-streptomycin WP to add water 1000 times, spraying to the base of petiole, many times in succession.
(b) Degeromycosis:
From the old leaves began to disease, the initial yellowish leaf lesions are not obvious, after the polygon was obvious lesions of yellow-brown, gray and white mold on the back of leaves, severe leaves dead. Autumn and winter and spring cultivation easier, dew thick, moist air, especially in the weak growth or end of the ball the most incidence.
Control Law: 1, Seeds are sown with 35% chloraldendan wet powder dressing and disinfection. 2. In the early stage of onset, 58% zinc manganese disinfestation (such as Levure—Zinc and Manganese) can be used to add water 400 times to the WP and spray once every 5-7 days for three consecutive times. When spraying, pay attention to the back spraying.
Fourth, harvest:
Cabbage cabbage should be quite tight in the ball, the principle of harvest before the ball, but in order to catch the early market and in the hot and rainy season, easy to decay, can be harvested earlier. Those who sell and sell in the vicinity of the market may leave no leaves to harvest. For the long distance carriers, it is best to leave 2 leaves in order to protect the integrity and freshness of the leaves.
Chinese cabbage cultivation method
First, the adaptability of terroir: