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1. Reducing the breeding amount of male roosters: The proportion of males and females in artificial insemination has been increased, saving feed and other expenses, and reducing costs. The ratio of male to female natural mating for black-bone chickens is 1:5-7. After artificial insemination, it is expanded to 1:30-40, raising less breeder roosters, lowering feeding costs, and improving the efficiency of rearing breeders.
2. Improve the fertilization rate: the natural mating insemination rate of black bone chicken is about 85%, while artificial insemination is up to 90%.
3. Breeding rate of eggs is high: when raising breeders, it is inevitable that there are dirty eggs and shelled eggs. The use of artificial insemination was replaced by cage culture, and the eggs were clean and less damaged, which in turn increased the rate of passing eggs.
4. High reproduction rate: Artificial insemination of caged black-bone chickens without single-species breeding is a major improvement in breeding work, and the recording is convenient and accurate, so that the offspring of excellent cocks can be accelerated to expand and multiply, thus improving the production level of the population. It also reduces the spread of the disease.
5. It is beneficial to the preservation of the "Gene Bank".
Second, artificial insemination breeder's choice.
Artificial insemination has some special requirements on the number and reproductive performance of the species of roosters used. It should be based on the growth and development of the rooster, first selection at the age of 30 days, and the second choice at the age of 90 days for every 10 hens. Choose to stay 1 rooster. The selected roosters must fully conform to the appearance characteristics of this species, and they are well developed, robust, and have high parental production performance and are healthy and disease-free. The third screening was performed at 120 days and one cock was selected for every 20 hens. At the age of 180 days, the fourth selection was conducted and the cock was massaged and trained. For every 30 hens, 1 cock was selected and 10%-15% of the remaining breeders were left behind. The breeding rooster selected for selection should meet the following requirements: high head, large eyes and strong eyes, thick and strong legs, squeaking sounds crisp and sweet, and soft belly. The anus can be valgus during fine massage and is accompanied by full body feathering and muscle contraction. The cloacal cavity is large and loose, the conditional reflexes are sensitive, the device can erect, and can ejaculate semen. The hens are selected according to breeding or production needs. Requires healthy and disease-free, good growth and development, cloacal loose moist, compact body, no inflammation of the reproductive system.
Third, mining technology.
1. Collection method.
There are many ways to collect sperm, such as massage, chicken, cut-off, and electrical stimulation. The most commonly used method in current production is the massage method. It is safe, reliable, simple, and the produced semen is clean. The operating points are as follows:
1 Baoding. Usually 2 people operate. Baoding members took one leg of each cock with both hands and separated naturally. The thumb locked the wings so that the head of the rooster was headed backwards and the tail was toward the sperm extractor. He was in a natural mating position.
2 massage. The left hand of the spermain was palmed downwards, and the thumb and the remaining 4 fingers were separated, clinging to the cock and gently massaged it 2-3 times along the back of the waist, causing the cock's sexual reflex.
3 sperm extraction. When the cock is sexually reflexive, the right-handed thumb of the extractor is separated from the index finger, and the collection cup is clamped between the middle finger and the ring finger, and the two sides of the lower edge of the phalanges are gently massaged, and the shaking is touched. When the cloaca is opened, the left hand dials the tail feathers to the back, separates the thumb from the index finger, gently squeezes the cloaca, and the rooster ejaculates. Then the right hand quickly places the spermatozoa cup under the cloaca to receive the semen.
2. Picking times.
The amount of ejaculation, the concentration of sperm, and the number of sperm collections are closely related to the rooster. Semen collection frequency, affect the quality of semen. It is advisable to collect sperm once every 2 days or 3 days, so that the quality of semen is high. The content of protein, vitamin A, vitamin e, etc. in the cockerel feed must meet the requirements. The cock should be regularly fed with some antibiotics to prevent the occurrence of bacterial diseases.
3. Precautions.
1 cock tuning. Before ejaculation, training must be performed on the roosters. First cut off the feathers around the cloaca to prevent contamination of the semen. Train 1-2 times a day and take semen after 3-4 days. After repeated training, there is still no cock for conditioned reflexes or no semen should be eliminated.
2 roosters isolation. Roosters are best kept in single cages to avoid fighting each other and affect the amount of sperm. The roosters were basketed 4 weeks prior to sperm collection to familiarize themselves with the environment for good sperm extraction.
3 Stop before eating. The roosters should stop eating 1–4 hours before the day of sperm extraction to prevent defecation during sperm sampling and semen quality.
4 fixed picking staff. The proficiency of sperm collection and the size of gesture pressure all affect the quality and quality of sperm collection, so it is best to fix the sperm extractor.
5 appliances disinfection. Semen collection equipment should be scrubbed, disinfected, dried or dried before use, must adhere to daily disinfection.
6 Preservation and use of semen. The collected semen should be immediately stored in a 30-3592 thermos flask. Semen should be used within 30 minutes after harvesting, otherwise the vitality will be greatly reduced, affecting the fertilization rate of the egg.
Artificial Insemination Technology of Silkies
First, the benefits of artificial insemination.