The roots of tomato are developed, and the capillary roots that absorb nutrients are mainly distributed in the 30 cm tillage layer. The deepest part can reach 1.5 meters, and the root group can be distributed horizontally with a diameter of 1.3-1.7 m. The root regeneration ability is very strong, and the seedlings are transplanted. When the main root is cut off, more lateral roots are emitted, which increases the absorption capacity of the entire root system. Therefore, the requirements for soil during the planting process are not particularly strict. In general, it can be planted except for low-lying leeches and saline-alkali plots. However, in order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tomatoes, it is best to choose a soil that is loose and fertile, and that retains water and maintains a slightly acidic sand with a pH of 6-6.5. Tomatoes are warm, with a suitable temperature of 25-28 ° C during the day and a suitable temperature of 16-18 ° C at night. Too low or too high will affect the quality of the tomato. When the temperature is lower than 15 °C, tomato seed germination will be affected by pollination and color change will also be affected. When the temperature is below 10 °C, the tomato will grow slowly and reproductive development will be inhibited. When the temperature is lower than 5 °C, the stems and leaves will stop growing, and at 2 °C, freezing damage will occur, and at 0 °C, they will freeze to death. Above 35 °C will also affect reproductive development, and above 40 °C will be killed. Appropriate temperature difference is conducive to the accumulation and conversion of nutrients, promote the healthy development of tomato, prevent the growth of tomato, enhance the disease resistance and resistance of tomato, and improve the yield better. First, under normal circumstances, tomatoes can be divided into spring tomatoes, autumn and winter crickets, winter and winter crickets, and wintering crickets according to the time of planting and harvesting. 1. Sowing time of spring tomato Spring tomatoes are planted from late January to early February, and planted from late February to early March. 2, autumn and winter 茬 planting time Autumn and winter crickets are usually planted in mid-July to early August, planted in early August to early September, and deducted from mid-late September to early October. Harvested from late November to early February. 3, the sowing time of winter and spring Winter spring is planted from early November to early December, planted from mid-late January to early February, and harvested from mid-March to June. 4, the sowing time of wintering Overwintering is a large-scale cultivation, usually from mid-late September to early October, planting in November, harvesting in January of the following year. Second, tomato seedlings 1, seed disinfection, you can use refined a. azoxystrobin seed dressing, you can also directly soak the warm water soaking seeds with 55 ° C warm water for 15-30 minutes, kill the surface of the bacteria, by the way to remove dry and broken seeds. 2, the choice of seedling tray, seedling tray can choose 50 or 72-hole seedling tray for seedling. Matrix seedlings are usually used. The commonly used matrix is ​​made up of perlite, vermiculite and grass charcoal. The ratio is 1:1:10, and carbendazim or carbendazim can be added to the matrix to prevent seedling diseases. 3. Sowing, after loading the seedling substrate into the seedling tray, the depression of 0.5 cm depth can be pressed out, and then seeded, and after the seeding is completed, a layer of vermiculite is covered thereon. In order to maintain the role of insulation and water retention. 4, watering, seeding can be placed on the nursery bed, the height of the nursery bed should be about 1 meter from the ground to prevent rats and pests from eating seeds. Also prevent the mouse cage from catching the mouse around. When everything is ready, you can water it. The first watering must be poured, which is beneficial to the germination and normal growth of the seeds. Third, seedling management 1. Temperature management, the temperature in the nursery shed is controlled at 25-28 °C in the daytime, and the temperature in the night is controlled at 18-20 °C. When the seedlings are released and the two true leaves are grown, the seedlings can be properly cultivated. It is. It can be used at low temperature to control the temperature of the night at 15-18 degrees and grow at the top. It can also promote root growth by proper water control. 2, disease management The main diseases of the seedlings are dying and stumbling. Drug prevention can be started after the seedlings are unearthed. The available drugs are Pulk, Moxacillin, sprayed once every 5-7 days, and the dilution ratio is 1500-2000 times. 3. Fertilizer use The seedling stage mainly uses foliar fertilizer to supplement nutrition. It can be fertilized after two true leaves of tomato. It can be sprayed with balanced fertilizer of Baolifeng and Magic Lifeng 18-18-18. The dilution is 2000-2500 times, spray once every 10 days. Fourth, soil preparation Tomato plots should be selected from plots where no Solanaceae crops have been planted before. Apply sufficient base fertilizer before planting, 1000-1500 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer (cattle manure, sheep manure, pig manure) per acre, and 200 kg of biological bacterial fertilizer. Then use 50 kg of calcium carbonate, mix 50 kg of compound fertilizer, then spread the ground, and then mix the soil into the soil. The crepe size can be 1.3-1.7 m. The planting density is 2,000 to 2,700 plants per mu. The planting specifications are two rows per plant, with a plant spacing of 25 to 40 cm and a row spacing of 40 to 50 cm. Double-stalked pruning, fertile land, strong and vigorous varieties can be appropriately planted, the plant spacing is 30 ~ 40 cm; single-stalk pruning, can be properly densely planted, plant spacing 25 ~ 30 cm. In addition, winter and spring species should be sparsely planted, autumn seeds should be densely planted; fertile ground can be thinly planted, and thin land should be densely planted. Five, transplanting When the seedling grows until the growth cycle of four leaves reaches about 45 days, the transplanting of the field can be carried out. Before the transplanting, the application of Plucker plus carbendazim prevents bacterial infection during the transplanting process, and the water is planted after transplanting. Be sure to pour through to ensure a quick and slow seedling. Sixth, seedling management The temperature in the control shed is 25-28 ° C, and the night is controlled at 15-18 ° C. The temperature difference between day and night is opened to carry out seedlings. It is forbidden to water the water before the second panicle fruit is set. During the period, the prevention of mosaic virus will promptly supplement the boron-calcium foliar fertilizer and promote the flower bud differentiation of the tomato. After the second panicle fruit is placed, the balanced fertilizer and chitin-based rooting agent can be applied with water. Improve the growth of plants, pruning and snoring should be carried out in the morning on a sunny day. After the pruning is completed, it is necessary to spray chlorothalonil or carbendazim in time to prevent bacterial infection of the wound and promote rapid healing of the wound. During this period, the absorption of boron and calcium by tomato is accelerated. In order to avoid the occurrence of umbilical rot and sunburn, trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc should be applied with water. During this period, too many fruits will become weaker, and the ground can be applied with balanced fertilizer and rooting agent. At the same time, the leaves should be supplemented with calcium and magnesium, and the leaves should be sprayed with amino oligosaccharides and nymidine. The drug fertilizer mixture granular zinc is used for virus prevention. In addition, it is necessary to control the humidity in the shed, spraying eugenol, procymidone, and iprodione to prevent the occurrence of gray mold and sclerotia. Seven, the main disease of tomato 1, late blight Late blight is a devastating disease of tomato, which can be extended to the whole shed in a short period of time, leading to early pull. Leaves, stems and fruits can be harmed, and leaves and green fruits are seriously damaged. The seedlings usually have dark green water-stained lesions from the leaves, and the posterior stems expand. The near-leaf stalks are dark brown rot. With the development of the disease, the water base of the young stems shrinks, the plants wilted and collapsed, and the diseased part is wet. White mold layer. In the adult stage, the dark green water-stained lesions began to appear from the tip and leaf margin of the lower leaves, gradually turning brown, and the white mold layer was found in the leaf back disease and the health boundary in the wet; the lesions on the stem were brown or Black-brown water-stained, slightly sunken, white mold when wet; fruit spots are initially oily dark green, gradually turning dark brown to brown, lesions cloud-like, hardened, white mold produced when wet. Low temperature and high humidity are conducive to the occurrence and spread. The most suitable temperature for the onset is 18 °C -25 °C, and the relative humidity is over 90%. The main drugs are dimethomorph, flumorph, glacial urea, cymoxan, and cytosolic cream. 2, leaf mold When the leaf mold is seriously affected, the leaves may be dry or even reduced. It is mainly harmful to the leaves. In severe cases, it also damages stems, flowers and fruits, but it is difficult to see in the field. Irregular or elliptical yellowish chlorotic spots appear on the leaf surface after onset, and the leaf back lesions grow grayish white at first, gradually turning into brown or dark brown velvet mold layer. In severe cases, the front side of the lesion can also grow mildew. The diseased leaves are dry and curled. Suitable conditions for the onset are temperature 20 ° C -25 ° C, relative humidity of 90% or more. The main drugs are Chunleiwang copper, methyl thiophanate, sulfur suspension, chunleimycin, and polymycin. 3, bacterial wilt Bacterial wilt is a bacterial disease that causes the whole plant to wilting. When the tomato plant is about 30 cm high, the bacterial wilt strain begins to show symptoms; first, the top leaves are wilting, the lower leaves are wilting, and the middle leaves are wilting. There is also a leaf wilting or a whole plant leaf wilting at the same time. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased plant is wilting during the day, recovering in the evening, and the diseased leaves become shallow. After the onset, the soil is dry and the temperature is high. The whole plant is wilted in 2 to 3 days. If the temperature is low, even if the rain or soil moisture content is high, the diseased plant can die after 1 week, but the leaves remain green or slightly light, so it is called green wilt. The epidermis of the diseased stem is rough, and the adventitious root or adventitious bud is accumulating in the lower part of the stem. When the humidity is high, the stalk can be seen as a 1-2 cm plaque which becomes brown after the initial water immersion, and the vascular bundle of the diseased stem turns brown and crosses the diseased stem. Extrusion by hand, the vascular bundle overflows the white bacterial liquid on the cut surface, which is an important feature distinguishing this disease from Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt. The main drugs are streptomycin, azoxystrobin, chlorobromoisocyanuric acid, refined nail, and carbendazim. The above is about tomato cultivation methods and pest treatment technology, I hope to have some help for everyone, if you want to know more details, you can pay attention to Hui Nong School. Reusable Washable Bed Underpad Details,Breathable Film Incontinence Pads,Underpads With Adhesive Strip,Incontinence Bed Pads,Disposable Underpads Underpads,Medical Reusable Washable Underpads,Adult Waterproof Washable Mattress Pads,Soft Breathable Washable Underpads Honghu Danielle Sanitary Material Co., Ltd. , https://www.daniellecn.com
