Soybean Spring Broadcasting Technique in the Year of Drought in Northeast China

The situation and the major problems that existed, the experts proposed the following technical guidance:

(I) Strict selection of excellent varieties

Due to the dry weather last autumn, the seeds were not normally matured physiologically. The second reason was that the mechanical threshing of soybeans increased the possibility of injury to the embryos and affected the germination rate of the seeds. Therefore, strict seed selection was recommended. Remove and do a good germination test. The selected varieties should be of high quality and yield-enhancing varieties, with strong adaptability and prevention of planting in other areas. It is necessary to organize the transfer of seeds and help farmers purchase seeds through normal channels to ensure that the purity and germination rate are basically up to standard.

(B) do a good job in seed treatment

First, sowing before the sun. Sprouts can generally increase the germination rate by about 13%, and the emergence of seedlings can be 2 to 3 days earlier. The second is seed dressing or seed coating. With low temperature and drought, the seed has a long time in the soil and is vulnerable to diseases and insect pests. Soya bean seed coating agents can be used to prevent and treat diseases with a ratio of 1:75 to 100. Soybean root rot can be controlled by using 50% seed mixture with 0.5% seeds or 50% carbendazim seed dressing with 0.3% seeds. Pests with severe pests should be coated with seeds that contain both bactericidal and insecticidal agents. Without coating seeds, 35% methylthiophosphorus EC should be used for seed dressing to prevent underground pests. Molybdenum can be added to the seed dressings. Ammonium acid to increase soybean emergence and nitrogen fixation. In addition, pay attention to the use of baits to control rodents after emergence.

(c) Select appropriate sowing methods according to local conditions

The original ridge-card type was not taken from the autumn-turned land, and the ridged land was turned over in autumn to be ridiculed or flat-narrowed and closely planted after the flat-sowing. The poorly soiled soil plots were deep trenches, shallow soil cover, heavy repression, and severe drought. Blocks are planted by inter-vehicle mulching and are continuously operated to prevent the loss of soil water.

(D) Adopt "early sowing" technology to make good use of "returning slurry" and strive for a preservation of seedlings

Robber planting seedling preservation. To seize the favorable opportunity for the warming of the ground temperature, use early spring "return the slurry" to rob for sowing. When the soil temperature in the plough layer stably passes 5°C, sowing can be performed, and continuous operation can be performed to prevent soil water from being lost. Deep ditching, shallow cover soil, heavy cracking sowing methods can be adopted. Deeply open the ditch to ensure that the seeds are sown on wet soil and cover the soil evenly. After repression, it will reach 2 cm to ensure consistent sowing depth. After the broadcast, it was suppressed. When soil moisture is suitable, repression should be carried out 2 to 3 hours after sowing; soil moisture should be accompanied by pressure when soil moisture is poor; and soil moisture (water content > 25%) or land after raining should be treated with 2 cm on the surface. When the soil is dry, it will be repressed.

(5) Checking up seedlings

Check the fields regularly after sowing. 3 to 5 days after sowing, check the flood situation, take corresponding measures for the serious land loss, and make up for it; check the bud condition before emergence, and replant the buds and bad seeds in time; Check the situation of the seedlings and insect pests, and replant the early maturing varieties or the control of the pesticides on the plots with broken seedlings or pests.

(6) Advance soil testing and formula fertilization

For many years, fertilization has been carried out in many places based on experience alone, resulting in imbalance of soil nutrient elements and production of potassium deficiency and trace elements. To combine the soil testing and formulating fertilization projects implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture, adhere to scientific fertilization, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers according to a certain proportion of formulas according to the results of soil testing. Encourage farmers to apply more fertilizer, combined with site preparation; fertilizer as a seed fertilizer, deep application to plant 4 to 5 cm, so as not to burn seed.

(7) Use non-long-term residual herbicides to prevent and control injury

Due to the serious sowing of soybeans, the use of long-lived herbicides in soybean fields and the lack of land archives have caused great problems for structural adjustment. Therefore, the use of non-long-lived herbicides is advocated. The long-living herbicides include Pusset, Tosulfuron, Huwei, Kulasuqing, Guangmailing and others.

In 2008, there may be two kinds of situations: 1. The area of ​​beets and potatoes in the Sanjiang Plain region should be expanded. Special attention should be paid to the sensitivity of these two crops to long-lived herbicides. Generally, they must be planted at intervals of 3 to 4 years. 2. The area of ​​soybean is expanded, and the former crop planted is basically corn. However, if the atrazine is applied at 2000g/hm2, the soybean species may cause phytotoxicity, which should be taken seriously.

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