Milk and wool as well as cattle breeds - Tianzhu white yak

Tianzhu white yak is a rare and precious local yak breed in China. It is a unique breed of livestock after long-term natural selection and artificial selection. It is not only a valuable livestock resource in Gansu Province, but also a rare yak germplasm resource in China and even in the world. It has been listed as a state-level livestock and poultry protection product.

【Appearance characteristics】 Tian Zhu white yak body hair is pure white, long and rich, resistant to cold. The head develops normally and the eyes look great (choose dark circles). The corners are long, yellowish-brown, with a crescent shape protruding outwards or upwards. The corner wheels are sharp and sharp. The lips are round and thin, and they are flexible to eat. Compact body structure, good body muscle development, the skin is pink, most of them have melanoma spots. The forequarters are well developed, the chest is wide and deep, and the hindquarters are worse than the forequarters, but they are normally developed and the crotch is generally narrow. Limbs are thick and strong. Cloven hooves, small and round hoof-shaped, well-closed hooves, black or light yellow hooves, dense texture, good at climbing. The tail is shaped like a horse's tail.

[Production performance]

1. Growth and development. Tianzhu white yak late mature, generally about 4 years old mature. The birth weight of the yak is 10 to 13 kilograms, and the mother yak is 8 to 11 kilograms. The average weaning day is 20 days and the weaning weight is 70 kg. From the first year to the age of four, the male calf gains 200 to 230 kilograms and the female calf gains 160 to 180 kilograms. 1 to 2 years old the fastest weight gain, the average annual weight gain of male yak is 58 to 60 kilograms, female yak is 57 to 59 kilograms.

2. Reproductive performance. Tianzhu white yak reproductive performance and local black, flower yak basically no difference, the general female yak 12 months of age for the first time the estrus, the first age female yak with 2.5 to 3 years old, initial weight 160 kg. The estrus season is from June to November, and some female yaks will also be estrus in December, and the estrus season will be from July to September. The duration of estrus is mostly 12 to 48 hours, and the estrus cycle is 22.195.49 days. It has a high estrus pregnancy rate, with an average of 76.5%. The pregnancy period is 255 days. Most of them are 2 or 1 in 2 years old and 2 in 3 years. Most calving cows no longer have heat in the year, and even the cows account for 6.07% to 15.02%. The average time between cows and the next estrus interval is 105 days. A total of 6 to 9 heads can be produced throughout life, up to 20 heads. Bulls typically have sexual reflexes at 10 to 12 months of age, but most do not have sex. At the age of 2 years, it has the ability to breed, but the actual age of the bulls who participated in the initial allocation in the herds was 3 to 4 years old and the useful life span was 4 to 5 years. At present, the male cows are all selfed, and the ratio of male to female breeding is 1:15 to 1:25.

3. Production velvet, hair properties. Tianzhu white yak usually cuts hair in mid-June (pills for bulls), cuts (pulls) hair once a year, flees first before cutting (pulling) wool, and cuts once every two years. Adult male yak averaged 3.86 kilograms of cut hairs, 0.46 kilograms of fluff, and 0.68 kilograms of tail hair; corresponding adult females were 1.76 kilograms, 0.36 kilograms, and 0.43 kilograms; calves were 1.97 kilograms and 0.63 respectively. Kg, 0.41 kg. The whole body is divided into coarse hair, down hair and two types of hair by wool fibers. Among different types of hair fibers, unmyelinated hairs account for more than 75%. This is the distinctive feature of Tianzhu white yak hair, and is also the main symbol of its precious quality.

4. Milk production performance. Tianzhu white yak under the conditions of grazing in alpine grasslands, the lactating mother yak brings natural sucking to the yak. ​​Generally, the mother yak that produces the first child (the herdsmen call it head horse) does not milk, and it is mainly the mother yak that feeds the yaks. The age of milk production is 3 to 15 years old, 6 to 12 years old is the peak of milk production, and the annual milk output is about 450 kg, of which more than two thirds of milk is fed by calves. The milking period is from June to September (the Dragon Boat Festival from the fifth day of the fifth lunar month of the lunar calendar to the Mid-Autumn Festival of August 15th). The milking period is 105 to 120 days. The milk is pumped once a day, and the daily milk volume is 0.5 to 4.0 kg. The milk fat rate is From 6% to 8%, according to the milk composition, 16.91% of dry matter during the milking period, 5.45% of fat, 5.24% of protein, 5.41% of lactose, and 0.77% of ash.

5. Meat production performance. Tianzhu white yak meat protein content 20.20%, fat 11.87%, ash 0.87%. Fresh meat, good quality, high protein content, low fat, fine muscle fibers, high ash or minerals, high heat value and amino acid content, is a pollution-free natural green food favored by consumers.

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