The premature decline of rice from heading to maturity will result in poor grain filling and increase in cereals, resulting in reduced yields. There are many factors that cause premature aging of rice in the late growth period. One is improper cultivation and management. The planting density is too large and the plant growth is weak. In the early and middle stages, the nitrogen fertilizer is used too much. The application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace element fertilizers are insufficient. The overgrown plants grow on the ground, the leaves are weak, the fields are covered, and the lower leaves die prematurely; at the same time, the growth of roots is seriously hindered. The new root is short and short, and the ability to absorb nutrients is weakened, causing premature aging. In the long-term flooding and lack of fertilizer, premature aging is also prone to occur. The second is the lack of oxygen in the soil and its consolidation. In lands with low topography, high groundwater table, poor permeability, and reducible land, there are many hypoxia and toxic reducing substances in the soil, which results in the reduction of rice root activity, poor root development, black decay, and loss of nutrient absorption capacity. Roots and leaves are prematurely senescent. Soil compaction, poor permeability, poor root development of rice, easy to premature aging due to lack of nutrients. The third is bad weather conditions. The influence of adverse climate such as low-temperature cold waves in autumn will impede the physiological activities of rice roots and leaves, resulting in premature aging. Especially when cold dew occurs earlier, rice is more prone to premature aging. During the grain filling period, the temperature is low or the number of sunshine hours is too low, and the production and transfer of assimilation materials are slowed down. In September, the rice filling stage encounters low temperatures of 5 to 6°C, resulting in plants with poor cold resistance or root dysplasia. Discoloration and premature aging. The fourth is variety factors. Generally dwarf and early-maturing rice varieties are prone to premature aging. The occurrence of premature aging of rice has a great impact on the yield and measures should be taken to prevent it as soon as possible. (1) Scientific irrigation. In the late stage of rice growth, it is forbidden to flood the area for a long time. Wet irrigation and postponed water cutoff should be conducted to achieve intermittent irrigation and dry and wet alternation, in order to enhance root activity and extend leaf functional period. Prevent premature water shortage, promote old-age rice, and protect the roots. Heading flowering season and filling period, the normal weather to maintain a shallow water layer in the field, in the case of continuous high-temperature weather to take measures to cool down the night to prevent premature aging. For soils with poor viscous and poor permeability, they should be intermittently irrigated at a later stage. That is, they should be filled with shallow water for 1 time and then watered for 2 to 3 days before being dried naturally. (2) Improve the soil. For low-lying land or saline-alkali land, timely drainage and drainage to improve soil permeability, while increasing the number of high-quality farmyard fertilizer. For paddy fields where soil is compacted, increase the number of plowing, loosen the soil, enhance soil aeration capacity, and promote the rooting and absorption of nutrients in rice. (3) Rational fertilization. For rice fields with premature deficiencies, it is possible to supplement grain fertilizers or extra-root fertilizers at the heading stage. Spray 100 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 50 kg of water per acre for each acre, spray once every 5 to 7 days. For rice that lacks trace elements, it is sufficient to spray it once. For paddy fields with heavy yellowing in the later period, and sandy soils with poor fertility, timely supplementation of fertilization materials was performed. Generally, 2 to 5 kg of urea per mus, 2 to 3 kg of potassium chloride, and 15 kg of monopotassium phosphate plus 50 kg of water per mu.
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