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Limousin
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I. Origin and Distribution
Limousin cattle originate from the Limousin Plateau in central France, from which they take their name. These cattle are predominantly found in the central and southern regions of France, where they rank second only to Charolais cattle in numbers. Introduced in the early 1970s, Limousin cattle were later brought to Europe and the United States. Today, they are raised in many countries worldwide, known for their specialized beef production. As a large breed, they play an important role in the global beef industry.
II. Physical Characteristics
Limousin cattle have a distinctive red or yellow coat, with lighter areas around the mouth, nose, eyes, inside of the limbs, and tail. Their hooves are reddish-brown, and they often have white markings on their faces. The head is relatively short, with a broad forehead and a deep, wide chest. Their bodies are long, with well-developed back muscles and short, sturdy legs. Adult bulls typically weigh around 1,100 kg, while cows average about 600 kg. In optimal breeding conditions in France, bulls can reach up to 1,200–1,500 kg, and cows may weigh between 600–800 kg.
III. Production Performance
Limousin cattle are highly valued for their meat quality and carcass yield. They have a well-muscled body, with a large eye muscle area and full fore and hind limbs. Their high meat-to-bone ratio makes them competitive in the beef market. Calves grow rapidly under intensive management, reaching 408 kg at 10 months and 480 kg by the average age. During lactation, they gain about 0.86–1.0 kg per day. By the age of 8 months, they can already produce marbled beef, making them one of the most popular beef breeds in France and several European countries.
IV. Hybridization with Chinese Cattle
China first imported Limousin cattle from France in 1974 and again in 1993, using them to improve local breeds in provinces such as Henan, Shandong, and Inner Mongolia. This crossbreeding has resulted in larger, more robust cattle with improved meat quality and growth performance, along with significant heterosis effects. Currently, Shandong, Heilongjiang, and Anhui are the main breeding areas for Limousin-cross cattle. However, there is still a shortage of purebred stock nationwide, with approximately 450,000 improved cattle in existence.
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