First, prevention 1. The intake of salt-restricted salt is positively correlated with high blood pressure, that is, the higher the salt intake in the population, the higher the blood pressure level. For every 1 g increase in daily salt intake, the average high pressure increased by 2 mmHg and the low pressure increased by 1.7 mmHg. Salt intake in northern Japan is 30 grams per person per day, resulting in an incidence of hypertension and stroke that is significantly higher than the world average. It is known as the kingdom of hypertension and the kingdom of stroke. On the other hand, if an island in Jamaica takes less than 2 grams of salt per day, no high blood pressure occurs. The World Health Organization requires that the amount of salt to be taken per person per day should not exceed 6 grams. The 6 grams here refers not only to salt, but also to salty sauces such as monosodium glutamate, soy sauce, and salt in foods. Normal life can help us to control salt intake through salt-restricting spoons. It doesn't matter if there is no limit salt spoon. We can refer to a beer bottle with a salt amount of about 2 grams to control salt, and it can also be used in the original amount of salt. Based on the reduction of 1/3 to 1/2. 2. The body mass index (BMI) for weight control is calculated as: BMI=weight (kg)/height (meter)2 BMI≥25 is overweight, and BMI≥27 is obese. 3, self prevention 1 Regularly measure blood pressure, at least once in 1 to 2 weeks 2 The treatment of hypertension should adhere to the three hearts, namely, confidence, determination, perseverance, and only by doing so can prevent or delay the damage to the vital organs of the body. 3 regular use of antihypertensive drugs, they do not arbitrarily reduce or stop the drug, can be adjusted under the guidance of the doctor and the current condition to prevent blood pressure rebound 44 conditions allow, you can bring your own sphygmomanometer and learn to self-test blood pressure 5 In addition to taking appropriate drugs, we must pay attention to work and rest, attention to diet, proper exercise, emotional stability, and adequate sleep. 6 The blood pressure of the elderly can not be rushed too fast, the blood pressure should be controlled at 140 ~ 159mmhg is appropriate to reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. 7 elderly and taking norepinephrine nerve ending blockers to prevent orthostatic hypotension. 4. The importance of proper exercise for high blood pressure: There is a saying: When you are young, use health for money. When you are old, use exercise for health. In addition to promoting blood circulation, lowering cholesterol production, exercise can also increase the rigidity of muscles, bones, and joints. Exercise can increase appetite, promote gastrointestinal motility, prevent constipation, and improve sleep. There is a habit of continuous exercise: it is best to do aerobic exercise before it will help. Aerobic exercise can reduce blood pressure as much as weight loss, such as walking, jogging, tai chi, cycling and swimming are aerobic exercises. 1, note the exercise: 1 Don't overdo it or be too tired. Take a step-by-step approach to increase activity. 2 Pay attention to the surrounding climate: Summer: Avoid the time when the sun is shining at noon; Winter: Keep warm and prevent strokes. 3 Wear comfortable sweat-absorbent clothes: Choose cotton clothes, sports shoes, etc. are necessary. 4 Choose safe places: parks, schools, etc. Do not be on the side of a roadway or on the side of a road. 5 When exercising, do not fasten, so as to avoid hypoglycemia, should be 2 hours after a meal. 2, sports taboo 1 Stop exercising when you are sick or uncomfortable. 2 Do not exercise when you are hungry or for an hour after a meal. 3 Do not stop immediately during exercise. Follow the procedures of the exercise program. 4 There is any discomfort in the movement and should stop immediately. 5, smoking cessation of alcohol smoking can lead to high blood pressure. Studies have shown that after smoking a cigarette, the heart rate increases by 5-20 beats per minute and the systolic blood pressure increases by 10-25 mmhg. Why is this? Because the nicotine (nicotine) contained in the tobacco leaves excited the central nervous system and sympathetic nerves, which accelerates the heart rate. It also prompts the adrenal gland to release large amounts of catecholamines, causing the arterioles to contract, leading to increased blood pressure. Nicotine also stimulates blood vessel chemoreceptors and reflexively raises blood pressure. Long-term heavy smoking also promotes atherosclerosis in the large arteries. The thickening of the arterioles of small arteries gradually hardens the entire blood vessels. At the same time, due to the increase of the carbon monoxide hemoglobin content in the blood of smokers, the oxygen content of the blood is reduced, the oxygen in the arterial intima is increased, and the oxygen content in the arterial wall is increased, which accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis. Therefore, people who do not have high blood pressure can prevent the occurrence of hypertension. People with high blood pressure should quit smoking. Compared with smoking, there are controversies about the advantages and disadvantages of drinking. From time to time there are various reports, some say that drinking a small amount of alcohol is beneficial, some are harmful, but one thing is certain that heavy drinking is certainly harmful. High concentrations of alcohol can cause arteriosclerosis and increase high blood pressure. Emergency treatment for hypertension 1, the patient suddenly palpitation shortness of breath, was sitting breathing, lips cyanosis, physical activity failure, accompanied by pink bubble-like sputum, to consider acute left heart failure, patients should be ordered to sagging legs, take a seat, such as with Oxygen Bag, promptly inhale oxygen and promptly notify the emergency center 2, sudden increase in blood pressure, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, severe headache, palpitation, frequent urination, and even blurred vision, that is, hypertensive encephalopathy. The family members must comfort the patient, stay in bed, take antihypertensive drugs in time, and take other diuretics, sedatives, etc. 3, after the patient is tired or excited, angina, or even myocardial infarction or acute heart failure, precordial pain, chest tightness, and extended to the neck, left shoulder or upper limb, pale, cold sweat, this time should be called the patient quiet Rest, take a piece of nitroglycerin or amyl nitrite and inhale oxygen 4, when the onset of hypertensive patients, will be associated with cerebrovascular accidents, in addition to headache, vomiting, and even disturbance of consciousness or physical paralysis, this time to let the patient supine, head biased to one side, in order to avoid disturbance of consciousness, or severe vomiting will The vomitus inhaled the airway and informed the emergency center. Second, the general law of nursing hypertension epidemic 1. The prevalence of hypertension is proportional to age; 2. The prevalence of premenopausal women is lower than that of men, and it is higher than men after menopause. 3, there are geographical differences. The general rule is that high latitude (cold) areas are higher than low latitude (warm) areas. High altitude areas are higher than low altitude areas; 4. There are seasonal differences in the same population, and the prevalence in winter is higher than in summer; 5, and dietary habits. The higher the per capita salt and saturated fat intake, the higher the average blood pressure level. Frequent heavy drinkers have higher blood pressure levels than those who do not drink or drink less; 6. Positive correlation with the level of economic and cultural development. There are few high blood pressure in the undeveloped areas where economic and cultural development is backward. The more developed the economy and culture, the higher the blood pressure level per capita. 7. The prevalence rate was positively correlated with obesity and mental stress in the population, and negatively correlated with the level of physical activity. 8, high blood pressure has a certain genetic basis. There is a clear correlation between blood pressure in immediate family members (especially between parents and their children). There are certain group differences in blood pressure between different races and ethnic groups. Eight misunderstandings 1. Fear that the blood pressure has dropped too low. Affected by the concept of traditional hypertension prevention and treatment, it has concerns about the reduction of blood pressure to the ideal level below 135/85 mmHg. It is feared that blood pressure will be reduced too low and adversely affect the supply of blood to the heart, brain and kidneys, causing these organs. Insufficient blood supply induces corresponding complications. This understanding is a misunderstanding. According to modern medical research, the lower the blood pressure is in the ideal range, the better. As long as the blood pressure is smoothly lowered below the target level, it can relieve symptoms and reduce the risk of various cerebrovascular events. 2. Understand that the blood pressure should be lowered even lower when there are complications. 3. Not enough attention to non-drug therapy. 4. Blood pressure does not have to be given after lowering blood pressure. 5. Efficacy and eagerness, like the antihypertensive drugs that act quickly. 6. No blood pressure can be used without medicine. 7. New medicines and expensive medicines are good medicines. 8. Ignore blood pressure monitoring and recording. The current step-down principle places great emphasis on individualized medication. One of the ways to achieve individualization is to insist on daily or weekly monitoring of blood pressure and record it. 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