Abstract: The cultivation of Coprinus comatus with horseshoe slag as the main raw material was studied. The design of 5 different formulas, the growth of Coprinus comatus mycelium, fruit body traits, quality content, yield and economic benefit were used as indicators to study the best cultivation of Coprinus comatus with horseshoe residue. formula. The results showed that the best formula for the cultivation of Coprinus comatus was 76% horseshoe residue, 10% bran, 8% corn cob, 5% lime, 1% gypsum. Tests have shown that it is feasible to use horseshoe slag instead of cotton husk to cultivate Coprinus comatus. Coprinus comatus, the scientific name of the hairy cobweb, also known as chicken leg grinding, thorn mushroom, named for its fruit body shaped like chicken legs. The chicken leg mushroom has tender meat, fresh taste and good taste. Regular consumption helps to enhance human immunity, help digestion and increase appetite. It has high nutritional value and medicinal value, and integrates the functions of “natural, nutritious and health careâ€. Coprinus comatus is a rare and rare species that has been commercially exploited in recent years and is known as a rookie in bacteria. The traditional raw materials for the cultivation of Coprinus comatus are mainly cotton husk, corn cob, bean straw and other straws. However, as a biomass resource, straw is more and more used, and its market value is also increasing. It has become a widespread New resources that are valued. With the increase of edible fungi cultivars and the continuous expansion of cultivation scale, the shortage of edible fungi cultivation materials is becoming more and more serious, so it is urgent to develop new raw materials. Horseshoe, also known as scorpion, chestnut, black scorpion, etc., is a sedge herb for many years. The horseshoe is a kind of high-quality food that combines fruit and vegetable use and health care because of its crispy, juicy and refreshing flesh. People's love. Hezhou City of Guangxi is the “hometown of horseshoesâ€. At present, there are 5 horseshoe processing enterprises, which have an annual harvest of 80,000 tons of horseshoes, which produces a large amount of horseshoe slag and horseshoe processing waste. However, horseshoe slag is rarely exploited effectively, which not only wastes resources but also pollutes the environment. Studies have shown that horseshoe slag is rich in nutrients and is rich in essential nutrients for the growth of edible fungi such as crude fiber, crude protein and sugar. In this study, horseshoe slag was used as the main raw material to explore the best culture formula for the cultivation of Coprinus comatus in horseshoe slag, to develop new raw materials for reducing the production cost of edible fungi, and to open up new ways for efficient conversion and utilization of a large amount of discarded horseshoe slag, thereby realizing a remarkable economy. Social and ecological benefits. 1 Materials and methods 1.1 Test materials The test strain was Coprinus comatus "Special White 36", which was purchased from Jiangsu Gaoyou Edible Fungi Research Institute. Horseshoe slag is provided by Zhongshanzhouxing Food Factory and dried for use. Cottonseed hulls are provided by Zhonghe Cotton Seed Shell Factory of Hebei Feifei Township; bran, corncob, lime and gypsum are purchased from Hezhou City Market. 1.2 Test methods 1.2.1 Culture material formula According to the different nutrient requirements of Coprinus comatus in different growth stages, the raw material formula is horseshoe residue, cottonseed hull, bran, corn cob, lime, gypsum. 1.2.2 Treatment and sterilization of culture materials Raw material pretreatment: Sun dried horseshoe residue and cottonseed hulls are exposed to sunlight for 1 day. Mixing and bagging: Weigh the horseshoe residue, cottonseed hull, corn cob, bran, lime and gypsum according to the quantity, pour into the mechanical stirrer, add water and stir evenly, and charge with low-pressure polyethylene plastic bag with the specification of 22cm44cm0.004cm. 1kg per bag, 100 bags per formula. Sterilization: The prepared culture material was sterilized in a sealed autoclave, and the temperature was maintained at 121 ° C for 2 h. 1.2.3 Inoculation and cultivation The bacteria bag cooled to normal temperature was carried into the inoculation room, and smoked and disinfected with "mother haha", closed for 2 hours, and then inoculated after the smoke was eliminated. The inoculated bacteria bag is discharged and the hyphae are cultured. 1.2.4 Mycelial growth management During the growth of mycelium, the indoors are as dry as possible, protected from light, ventilation, and heat preservation (25 ~ 28 ° C) four elements, the indoor air relative humidity is maintained at 65%. 1.2.5 Preparation of Mushrooms and Preparation of Nutrient Soil Preparation for the mushroom: Before the hyphae are ready to be full, the iron frame of each layer is covered with a plastic mesh and tied with iron wire. Each iron frame has 4 layers and the iron frame area of ​​each layer is 1.6m2, sharing 5 layers of 5 iron frames. . Nutritional soil preparation: The growth of Coprinus comatus requires soil stimulation, choose loose and fertile soil with no impurities, add formaldehyde solution, 1% phosphate fertilizer, 3% lime, appropriate water to make soil moisture 50%, pH 7.5, mix After evenly, cover with a film, and suffocate for 3 days. 1.2.6 Open bag covering soil When the hyphae are full of bags, the surface of the material is white, and a small amount of primordium is formed, the bag is removed, the bed frame is covered, and the nutrient soil is covered. The thickness of the soil is 3 to 4 cm, the surface of the soil is flat, no holes are left, and then water is moisturized. The relative humidity of the air is controlled at about 80%, and the temperature is controlled at 18 to 25 °C. At the same time, ventilation and ventilation are increased, and scattered light is appropriately increased to stimulate the mycelial differentiation in the soil layer. 1.2.7 Mushroom Management After the surface of the soil layer is covered with thick white hyphae, the water spray is stopped, the humidity is lowered, and the hyphae is transferred from the vegetative growth stage to the reproductive growth. Proper ventilation and ventilation to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide and stimulate the mycelium to form mushroom buds. After the bud, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 85% to 95%, and the temperature is maintained at 18 to 22 ° C, during which the humidity is appropriately adjusted according to the growth of the fruit body. 1.2.8 Harvesting and post-harvest management The fungus ring has not been loosened, and the anti-coiled fresh flakes on the bell-shaped bacteria cover are harvested in time. After the harvest, stop spraying water for 4 days, control the temperature, ventilation, and light. After the second mushroom comes out, repeat the above steps. 1.3 Project determination 1.3.1 Mycelial growth and yield determination The condition of mycelial growth: the growth rate of hyphae (cmd-1) = the length of the culture bag (cm) / the hyphal length (d). Mycelial growth of Coprinus comatus: mycelial growth density and growth color, density is represented by "+", and the more "+", the greater the density. The mycelium color is divided into white, white and white grades. Yield determination: Biological efficiency (%) of Coprinus comatus = fresh mushroom quality (kg) / dry material quality (kg) 100. 1.3.2 Determination of conventional ingredients The chicken leg mushroom product was cultivated using the above-mentioned formula raw materials, and the conventional ingredients were measured. The moisture content was determined by the 105 °C atmospheric pressure drying method specified in GB5009.3; the protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method specified in GB5009.5; the total sugar content was determined by the indolinone method; the crude fiber content was determined by the GB5009.10. Acid-alcohol ether washing method. 2 Results and analysis 2.1 Mycelial growth The mycelial germination of formula IV was the fastest, only 7d; the mycelial germination of formula I and II required 9d; the germination of formula III and CK was the slowest, requiring 10d. Judging from the rapid growth of mycelium, the effect of horseshoe residue on the germination of hyphae was irregular, but the formula IV of replacing cottonseed with horseshoe residue was the fastest. In each group, the number of days of hyphae in formulas I and II was 86d, the number of days of hyphae in formula III was 84d, the number of hyphae in formula IV was the least (78d), and the number of hyphae in CK was the most. 88d. The addition of horseshoe slag can reduce the number of days of hyphae in the bag, but it has nothing to do with the amount of horseshoe residue. The formula IV without hyphae is the fastest. From the perspective of the density and color of the hyphae, the content of formula I and II horseshoe slag is small, the hyphae are weak, and the density and whiteness of the formula III with a content of 40% are equivalent to that of CK, and the horseshoe residue completely replaces the cotton husk. Formula IV has the densest density and the most white color. 2.2 Chicken leg mushroom fruit traits Formula II, III and IV covered soil to 6d days, formula I and CK 7d; formula II and formula IV have large, white color, no yellow spots and spots; from the quality of single mushroom, and formula The horseshoe residue content is irrelevant, Formulation II>Formulation I>CK>Formulation IV>Formulation III. 2.3 Quality analysis of Coprinus comatus The protein, moisture and total sugar content of Coprinus comatus of formula I, II, III and IV were lower than that of CK, and the crude fiber content was higher, but it was not related to the content of horseshoe slag. Among them, the formula IV without cottonseed hull was slightly lower than CK except that the crude fiber content was 1.34% higher than CK, but the difference was slightly lower than that of CK, but the difference was not significant. 2.4 Comparison of the yield and economic benefits of Coprinus comatus The biological efficiencies of Formulations I and III were comparable to those of CK, both exceeding 70%. Formulation II had the lowest biological efficiency of 69.3%. Formula IV had the highest biological efficiency of 78.5%, which was 4.8% higher than CK. Compared with the taste, the taste of the chicken legs cultivated in Formula II and IV was consistent with CK, which was good. From an economic point of view, Formula IV has the lowest cost (205.63 yuan) and CK has the highest cost (344.76 yuan). The input-output ratio of formulas I, II, and III is not much different from that of CK, and the input of formula IV is less productive, and the input-output ratio is 1:3.82. 3 Conclusion By comprehensively comparing the mycelial growth, fruit body traits, quality, yield and economic benefits of different formulas of Coprinus comatus, the best formula is Formula IV, namely 76% horseshoe residue, 10% bran, 8% corn cob, 5%. Lime, 1% gypsum. The use of horseshoe residue as the main culture material for the cultivation of Coprinus comatus can reduce the production cost and improve the economic benefit. It is feasible to use the horseshoe residue instead of the cotton hull to cultivate the Coprinus comatus, but further research is needed to obtain a more suitable formula. Disclaimer: Some articles on this website are transferred from the Internet. 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