1 Variety characteristics Chuanzhi Hongxing is native to Kongjiazhai Village, Dicun Township, Julu County. It is a variety cultivated by individuals selected from local natural groups. Spindle-shaped fruit, bright fruit surface, deep sutures, protuberances on the side of the fruit, slightly asymmetrical meat, orange-yellow background, purple-red halo on the sun, yellow flesh, thick honey, juicy fruit, fruit Sweet, sweet and palatable, rich in flavor; containing 16% soluble solids, soluble sugar 5.6%, titratable acid 1.65%, from the nucleus. The fruit is large, with an average fruit weight of 52.5g and a maximum fruit weight of 94.1g. It is a fresh and processed variety. It blooms in late March, and it reaches the hard core stage in mid-May. The fruit matures from late June to July. It does not crack and is resistant to transportation. The fruit set rate is high, the yield is high, the dryness is weak, the tree posture is open, the growth is vigorous, and the life span is longer. The variety is adaptable, drought-resistant, cold-resistant, salt-tolerant, and barren-resistant. It is an excellent economic tree species for thin afforestation on sand-alkali land. The cultivation and management techniques are easy to grasp and facilitate popularization. 2 Building Park 2.1 Site Selection: Choose a thick soil layer, fertile soil, loose loam or sandy loam soil, require convenient drainage and irrigation, the surrounding environment of the orchard is free from any industrial or other sources of pollution, and it is not appropriate to build a garden in a low-lying land to prevent late bloom or early spring in the flowering period. Cold current hazards. 2.2 The configuration of pollination trees: Self-pollination of apricot branches with a seed setting rate of 0.98%. An appropriate pollination tree should be allocated. Pollination varieties include Dahongxing, Shuibai apricot and Dahuang apricot. Usually 3 to 4 lines with 1 line of pollination trees, the ratio of the line branch apricot and pollination tree is 5 to 7:1. 2.3 Planting: In the summer and autumn of the year before planting, according to the plant spacing of 4m5m, according to the planting points of 100cm in length and width and 80cm in depth, the topsoil and the new soil are piled separately, and then the decomposed high-quality farmyard fertilizer is mixed with the topsoil. Backfilling and planting holes, watering practical. Two-year-old seedlings with robust plants, full buds, well-developed root systems, no pests, and no mechanical damage are required to have a seedling height of 1.2 m or more and a base diameter of more than 0.8 cm. After the soil is thawed, the seedlings are planted before germination, and the buds are planted. When planting seedlings in time of expansion, the survival rate is high. The nearest nursery should be planted along with the plant; field purchase seedlings, seedling roots will be soaked in water for 12 ~ 24h before planting, after the roots are sown with mud. When planting, it is required that the root system should be stretched, and the depth should be leveled with the ground at the neck and the ground. It is advisable to keep the soil level well, to lay the tree tray, to fill the water, and to cover the plastic film of 1 m square so as to warm it. 3 Soil and Fertilizer Water Management 3.1 Basal fertilizers: mainly organic fertilizer with high quality of composting. In autumn in September, the plant will be applied with 50kg and superphosphate will be applied with 4kg per plant. 3.2 Dressing: 3 times a year. The first time before germination is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer. The strain applies 0.5 kg of urea or 0.5 kg of diammonium phosphate; the second time in the mid-May period, the hard core fruit stage uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The compound fertilizer is mainly based on 0.5kg compound fertilizer. After the fruit was harvested for the third time, 0.3 to 0.5 kg of ternary compound fertilizer was applied. 3.3 Dressing fertilizers out of roots: It can be carried out several times during growth. It sprays 0.3% urea 2 to 3 times in the early stage, and sprays 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2 to 3 times in the later stage, which can be combined with spraying. 3.4 Irrigation: Combine fertilization before flowering, inflating the young fruit, and pouring water before freezing. 4 Shaping 4.1 Reshaping: Natural round-shaped and evacuated layered shapes are more suitable for the natural growth of red cherry trees. Take the natural round shape as an example. After the seedlings are planted, they are set at a height of 80 to 100 cm above the ground, and 5 to 6 stumps of the main shoots are selected for growth. Each main branch has 30 to 50 cm in length to select one side of the main branch, and the branches on the side branch are divided into various branches. Large branch groups can also be used instead of side branches. The branches are not strictly required for the direction of life, and can be configured on the back, back, and back, as long as they do not interfere with each other and do not affect the growth of the main branch. No obvious trunk. During plastic surgery, the branches will be appropriately shortened and the lower part will be given branchlets for early results. 4.2 Pruning: Winter pruning: 1 pruning of young trees and early fruit trees. Young trees are trimmed with light shears. The main branch of the main short branch of the extension of branches and development of branches, remove dense branches, branchlets do not cut, in order to facilitate the formation of flower buds, early results. 2 Pruning of fruit trees. This period of pruning should properly increase the amount of pruning, strong branches and less cut, weak branches and more cut, generally cut the length of the new shoot 1/3 to 1/2. 3 Pruning of aging trees. Pruning is based on the debilitating condition of the plant. If there are leggy branches in the base or middle of the main branch, they may be retracted from the branches above the leggy branches. The leggy branches shall be appropriately short-cut to replace the original branch with aspiration branches. "Weak and strong, rejuvenation and rejuvenation" to promote vegetative growth and restore vigor. Summer pruning: Summer pruning can not only promote growth, but also contribute to the formation of flower buds. It can also delay dormancy and postpone the flowering period in the coming year. It is good for avoiding spring cold damage. Summer pruning methods include picking, wiping buds, twisting shoots, pulling branches and so on. 5 Flower and fruit management Flowering bees, artificial pollination, spraying 0.3% borax during flowering can effectively increase fruit setting rate. Apricots bloom early and are vulnerable to frost. Watering 10 to 15 days before early spring can reduce the temperature, postpone the flowering period by 2 to 3 days. Before night frost comes, the whole park smokes to prevent freezing damage. 10 days after flowering, thinning of fruit begins, thinning small fruit, diseased fruit, and deformed fruit, leaving 4 to 5 fruit for long fruiting branches, 2 to 3 fruit for middle fruiting branches, 1 to 2 fruit for short fruiting branches and strong fruit branches. Weak branches do not leave fruit, more fruit on the periphery and upper part of the crown, and few fruit on the inner part and lower part. Generally, 4 growth points or 15 to 20 leaves leave one fruit. 6 Pest control 6.1 Apricot ball firmness: 1 After the winter nymphs emerged, in mid-March, the weather was selected to be warm and windless. The branches of trees were sprayed with 5 degree lime sulfur. 2 At the beginning and end of nymph hatching, spray 0.3-0.5 Baume degree lime sulfur or 10% cypermethrin cream 2000 times and spray evenly. 3 Combine pruning and manually brush the insects on the tree. 4 Red-sided ladybugs are the main natural enemies of apricot balls and should be protected and utilized. 6.2 peach aphid: 1 apricot tree before spraying 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur can kill overwintering eggs. 2 When insects appear in the whole growth period after leaf development, they are treated with 6% imidacloprid 3000 times solution or annihilation net 1500 times solution. 6.3 Hawthorn red spider: Before the almond tree sprouts, spray 3 to 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur to kill the overwintering female. 2 From the middle of May to the end of September, spray control occurred during the occurrence period, with dicofol 1000 to 1500 times. 3 tying the grass before the winter or grass rope to lure integration, the next spring solution burned. 6.4 apricot runny gum disease: there are many kinds of sleepy disease causing frostbite, frostbite, insect injury, mechanical injury, saw cut mouth, roots and more, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, excessive results or too much rain caused by the tree is not full. Control methods: 1 scrape the pathology, and smear the residue of lime sulfur mixture. 2 Apply 908 dilution to the affected area (dilution according to the ratio of liquid to water 1:5). 3 Control pests, reduce wounds and prevent mechanical damage.
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