The rainbow trout, also known as red tilapia, is a tropical fish. It cannot naturally winter in most regions of China and must be preserved for winter. The overwintering season of rainbow trout is divided into two species: wintering and wintering. The wintering of fingerlings is the rainbow trout seedlings that were bred in that year, and they have not grown into commercial specifications until about October. Through wintering, they are used as stocking species in the second year from April to May. The wintering of the parents refers to the selection of the parent fish species for breeding in the second year from the rainbow trout, allowing them to safely pass winter. Therefore, it is a very important link in the aquaculture production process to ensure that the wintering of the rainbow trout is related to the production and benefits of the year and the coming year. According to the implementation of the wintering practice of the local geothermal water for the use of local geothermal water in the Yingshang County Fisheries Technology Promotion Station in Hubei Province for many years, I believe that the management of the rainbow trout winter must grasp the following three points: Prepare for wintering 1. Strengthen Qiupei. Before the rainbow trout enters the wintering pond, it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation in the autumn in order to enhance its constitution and improve the resistance to disease and stress. Mainly to strengthen the feed, daily feed is 5% to 8% of the fish's body weight, its protein content in the feed should be about 30% to 35%, feed formula can use fishmeal 10%, soybean cake 25%, vegetable cake 20%, rice bran 10%, bran 10%, mixed miscellaneous material 18%, minerals 2%, the proportion of 5% off the flour, fed 3 times a day to 4 times, each feeding about 0.5 hours to 1 hour The degree of eating and walking with most fish species. The amount of each feeding should also be adjusted according to changes in water temperature, weather changes, fish ingestion and activities. Green fodder can be fed L. edodes, bitter herbs, valerian, etc. to supplement the lack of vitamin C in the feed. 2. Choose a pond. Overwintering ponds should be selected in a relatively regular shape, sheltered from the sun, and have an area of ​​3 acres to 5 acres of ponds with a water depth of more than 1.5 meters. It is required to have sufficient cold and hot water sources, good water quality, and convenient drainage and drainage. In particular, attention should be paid to the control of water temperature. The pond water temperature should be maintained between 20°C and 35°C. Water temperature should be controlled during the water exchange, and the water should be changed. The temperature difference must not exceed 2°C. 3. Clear pond disinfection. Before the fish species are stocked, they must be sterilized by clear ponds and thoroughly disinfect the overwintering pool with lime or bleach. 4. Reasonable stocking. When the rainbow splashes into the overwintering pool, it must pay attention to changes in the water temperature. It must be caught before the first cold air arrives. If the fish is caught when the water temperature is below 16°C, it cannot be used as a wintering species. The rainbow trout winter time is earlier than the north, and most areas of the Yangtze River basin end from October to May of the following year. At the same time, fish of different specifications must be pooled over the winter to ensure that the fish has a robust body, a smooth body surface, and no disease or injury. The wintering density should be appropriate, and the stocking density is generally 15 to 25 broodstock per cu m in water, or 200 broilers of less than 10 cm in size; the fishing pond in better conditions can have 30 to 40 broodstocks and 400 broodstocks. Tail ~ 500 tails. When stocking, they should enter the pool in separate specifications. Injured and muddy fish cannot be put into the pool. Choose a suitable wintering method According to wintering conditions and production needs, the wintering of the rainbow trout is divided into two types. One is the low temperature protection type, that is, the water temperature in the wintering pond is maintained at 20°C to 30°C. This water temperature can maintain its life and does not cause death or injury. Therefore, it can only be preserved and cannot grow. The other type is a suitable temperature-cultivation type. Even if the water temperature in wintering ponds is maintained between 25°C and 34°C, the rainbow trout can maintain its appetite and adhere to the proper amount of bait. This will not only maintain life, but also grow and develop, and enhance its constitution. Improve disease resistance. The minimum temperature for rainbow trout survival is 4°C and the maximum temperature is 42°C. The broodstock's wintering temperature is preferably above 20°C to ensure its strong feeding and promote its gonad development. During specific wintering, localities should flexibly select overwintering methods based on thermal energy resources and overwintering production needs. 1. Winter in plastic greenhouses. That is, using plastic greenhouse insulation for winter, the method is above the wintering pool with steel or bamboo arc erected shed, the shed is sealed with a film, and open the door on both sides of the east and west, so that the air convection and manual feeding. 2. The geothermal water is overwintering. Where geothermal resources are available, the geothermal water can be used for winter. The method is to select a suitable location to drill hot water wells and to use thermal insulation pipes to introduce geothermal water into the overwintering pool. The pipelines should be buried deep underground to avoid heat dissipation. The overwintering pond area should be more than 5 mu and the water depth should be more than 2 meters. At the same time, it is necessary to check the geothermal water temperature and water quality conditions to make it suitable for the survival and growth of the rainbow trout. 3. The factory heat is overwintering. In places where there is waste heat in the factory, residual hot water can be used to control the temperature of the water to over 25°C for wintering. However, it is necessary to pay attention to the analysis of the waste heat water and take corresponding measures to ensure that the water quality and contained components do not harm the fish. Classes, such as closed-end power plant waste water, can only be used as a conservation seed, because the water quality is unfavorable to the development of the embryo, and the rainbow trout's fertilized eggs cannot be hatched. 4. Other wintering methods. For example, in the areas where factory-financed fish, raw coal, crude oil and other resources are sufficient and cheap, boiler water can be used for overwintering, and an electric heating device can also be used for heating and overwintering, but the cost is high, and it is often used for small-scale overwintering and preservation. Glass greenhouses, greenhouses with solar installations can also be adapted to local conditions for rainbow trout overwintering. Strengthen wintering aquaculture management 1. The amount of feeding. If the wintering pond water temperature can be maintained between 20°C and 35°C for a long time, the rainbow trout can still feed normally. Generally, after the rainbow breaks into the wintering pond for 3 days to 4 days, it can start feeding artificially-combined pellet feeds, requiring the crude protein content in the feed to reach about 30%. And appropriate feeding of fresh leaves or duckweed, etc., to supplement vitamins. When feeding, we should adhere to the principle of “a small amount of time, no leftover baitâ€. 2. Day and night patrol pond. It is necessary to measure the water temperature every day, observe the fish conditions, and find problems in a timely manner. 3. Reasonable water transfer. To do a good job in water quality adjustment, change the water once a month. Change the water no more than 1/3 each time. When changing the water, pay attention to the control of the water temperature, keep the water temperature at 20°C to 35°C, and the temperature difference when changing the water should not exceed 2°C. 4. Prevent disease. Due to the long wintering season, high density, relatively poor water quality, coupled with less active and less feeding conditions, the rainbow trout is susceptible to sudden onset of illness, requiring rapid changes in water temperature, and avoiding injury to the fish. Preventive measures include: Fish seeds are bathed with methylene blue for 10 minutes to 15 minutes before entering the pool. When the water temperature is below 16°C, juvenile fish are susceptible to echinococcosis, white dermatosis, third generation helminthosis, etc., especially small echinococcosis, which can easily lead to fulminant death. In addition, it can also be infected with hydromycosis, caterpillar fungus, trichoderma, helminthic disease, and bacterial rot disease. If any disease is found, professional and technical personnel should be promptly consulted and treated. 5. Strengthen management. Always remove bottom dirt from the pool. If there is no sewage disposal equipment at the bottom of the tank, use the siphon principle to suck out fecal matter, residual bait, etc., and change the water regularly. In addition, keep the wintering area quiet and scare the wintering fish as little as possible. Prohibit poultry and livestock from going down the pond, eliminate harmful organisms such as snakes and slugs, prevent birds from attacking fish, prevent theft, and ensure that the rainbow trout has a good wintering environment.
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