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1. Strengthen the Comprehensive Management of Soil, Fertilizer, and Water Hongtong Jinsi jujube likes fertile loamy soil or loam. It is not resistant to barren and has high yield performance. In order to ensure stable and high yield, the following management must be carried out in the protection line every year.
1 In autumn and winter, or in the early spring of the following year, the protection line is deepened and deepened more than 30cm. Deep pour acupuncture combined with a strain of human fecal urine l5kg, or farmyard fertilizer 25-50kg.
2 Timely construction of the mantle on both sides of the protection line to prevent soil erosion.
3 For water conservation and conservation, timely cultivating and weeding should be carried out to ensure the water and fertilizer needed for jujube growth.
2, pay attention to flowering management, improve the fruit setting rate Jujube is a multi-flowering tree species, flowering fruit and shoot growth often compete with water and fertilizer conflicts, such as flowering nutrients, will result in falling flowers and falling, affecting the output of the year. By adopting the following measures in practice, the fruit setting rate can be increased and the output can be increased.
1 When the whole tree blossoms up to 30%, the whole tree was sprayed with a mixture of gibberellin and 0.4% urea at a concentration of 10 ppm.
2 Spraying a mixture of boric acid and 0.4% urea with a concentration of 30ppm at full bloom;
3 For vigorously growing trees, "opening" should be performed when flowering is more than 50%, and the width should be controlled at 0.3-0.5 cm;
4 When the jujube head grows to 20 centimeters, the jujube head is picked up;
5 When the flowering period is dry, spraying water to the jujube flowers can increase the germination rate of the pollen, prevent the coking of the stigma, facilitate pollination and fertilization, and promote fruit set. Its practice is: before flowering time 10:00 am and early evening, the best spray effect is to spray water on the jujube flower with a sprayer for a total of 3-4 sprays, with an interval of 3-4 days each time. (Do not avoid: After 10:00 am to 3 pm Before the time when the anther was loose powder, it is not appropriate to spray water so as to avoid falling pollen and pollination.
6 Bee-feeding at the flowering stage is good for raising the fruit setting rate. The bee is the media of pollen, making the flower easy to pollinate.
3, pruning, to achieve premature delivery, high-yield jujube tree pruning should be based on the biological characteristics of jujube trees, the new planting saplings using the main sparse layer shape, combined with pruning in winter and summer; has never been pruning l0- Jujube trees are grown for 30 years and are pruned and trimmed using the method of "four stays and five stays." In short, we must master the principle of “extending the backbone sticks, shortening the weak branches, training robust branches, and removing leggy branchesâ€, and retain the appropriate amount of dates to convert them into fruiting branches, maintaining a certain area of ​​results, and achieving stable yields and high yields. purpose.
4. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to achieve high quality and high yield According to the investigation, the pests that harm the jujube tree include jujube steppe, jujube armyworm, peach borer, food bud weevil, turtle wax clam and jujube disease. Some jujube trees often lose production due to neglect of pests and diseases, and even cause no harvest. Such as Xucun, Dicun Township, Hongdong County, the results of many trees, large-scale, excellent varieties, in 2000 and 2001 due to neglect of the jujube steppe flying juvenile armyworm, Prunus molitor, jujube buds of the scientific defense, continuous two The big reduction in production, some jujube tree harvest. In the spring of 2003, we took “five lines of defense and one franchise†for Zaobuqu, which means one tied, two piles, three digs, four withdrawals, five eliminations, and a special person management method to prevent the female moths from laying eggs on trees and eliminating Before the adults emerged and the larvae hatched, the remaining larvae evenly sprayed 10,000-fold 2.5% fenvalerate on the trees from late April to mid-May. After a sample survey, the mouth density of the jujube worms was reduced from 223 to 5 before each control, and the reduction rate of larval beetles reached 95% at the same time.
Prevention and control of jujube larvae: In the larval stage, mid-May, late June and late August, 1-20000 times of Chinese and western cypermethrin were evenly sprayed on the canopy. In addition to chemical control, the sex pheromone is also used to induce the core of the armyworm, and the adults are trapped and trapped. Prevention and treatment of peach borer pests, adopting chemical control methods:
1 In the mid-July of the larvae's peak emergence period, 15% of the 1605 powder was sprayed on the ground and turned to earthworms to prevent adult emergence.
2 Before spraying, 75% phoxim emulsion was sprayed within 1m from the trunk of the larvae and 7.5kg per hectare was used.
In the middle of the 38th month of spawning, spray 2.5% of penavanthrin 20,000 times to kill the eggs.
In 2001 Xuchong jujube was severely harmed by peach borer, and the rate of pests was as high as 95%. In 2002, the rate of controlling insects dropped to less than 5%.
5. Renovate aging trees timely to ensure stable yields.
The jujube stock of the jujube tree resulted in a high fruit setting rate within 3-4 years, and completely lost the ability to produce fruit after 12 years. Therefore, the aging jujube tree should be rejuvenated at a proper time. The old ways of jujube trees and jujube trees with poor quality were used in the Luodaowan Village, Guluo Township, Hongdong County.
1 The old jujube tree with poor quality, after the leaves, that is, in mid-May, the main branch was sawed off from the trunk 10cm away, and the main trunk was retracted. The excellent red jujube was selected as the scion, and the saw was passed through the skinning method. All main branches and trunks are all highly connected. According to a survey conducted in September 2003, each jujube plant with high grafting yields 1-10 kg of fresh dates, benefiting from that year.
(2) For old quality jujube trees with a certain amount of production, according to the age of each branch, combined with the need to cultivate new trees, select the site with obvious apical dominance to carry out the injury, while retracting the tip to promote the regeneration of the new jujube head. In the summer, the buds are selected to stay focused. The cultivated jujube heads can be slowly placed and not cut, and the temporarily used jujube heads can be used to pick up the plugs at the flowering stage. In the third year, the old branches can be removed to the new base to achieve the purpose of renewal and rejuvenation. . This method is generally applied on oblique branches. The branches that stand upright on the drilled day and the result position is obviously moved upwards can be drawn into a bow shape by using a wire, and the other parts can be made into a bow shape in a place with space, and then trimmed according to the above method. Obvious chicken claws, sticks, and severely ventilated shoots can be sawn off at once from the base. According to the survey, the rejuvenation of this method was adopted. The current year and the second year did not affect the yield. After the third year, it could restore its vitality. The strain production reached 40-50 kg.
3 For the old jujube tree without yield, it should be “early, deaf, and cleverâ€. "Breakfast" is to be renewed as soon as possible to restore production as soon as possible; "ç‹ " means to sparsely branch, to leave the original tree-shaped branches first, and the remaining old branches to be removed once; "smart" is to leave the old Select the appropriate site on the branch (that is, there are hidden buds, there is a clear apical dominance for reinjury, while the tip retracts and promotes the regeneration of the new date, followed by a new branch of the branch on the branch to trim. After 2-3 years of law, you can resume production.
Hongdong Jinsi jujube cultivation techniques
Hongdong Jinsi jujube has the advantages of thin skin, thick flesh, good color, and high sugar content. It was once a famous tribute for the dynasties of ancient dynasties. Therefore, it is also known as “tribute dateâ€. The jujube not only has excellent varieties, but also has high yield and good sales. Hongdong Jinsi jujube is generally planted on dry land and on the terraces of the hilly land and on the mantle, forming a forest network economic forest. How to make the jujube tree early results, more results, to achieve stable yields, the author after years of practice and investigation, put forward the following suggestions for the reader reference.