Artificial culture of ponds

Commonly known as soft-shelled turtles, group fish, and wangba, they are oviparous reptiles that live in amphibious life, mostly in rivers, lakes, and ponds. The meat is delicious, nutritious, there is heat and nourishing yin, Pinggan Xifeng, soft-firm dispersal effect.é³– is an omnivorous animal mainly based on animal foods, and has a wide range of food sources. At present, artificial breeding technology has matured and the breeding efficiency is good. This issue introduces a group of artificial breeding techniques for farmers' reference.

1

Artificial hatching

According to its breeding habits, the seedlings hatch in the months from August to September. After incubation for a short time at room temperature, they enter hibernation and the survival rate is low. It takes 3-4 years for the pond culture to reach commercial specifications. In order to shorten the breeding period, the self-reproducing seedlings can be directly cultivated in the greenhouse for about 8 months to become a nymph which weighs about 250 grams, and then put into outdoor ponds in the middle of June of the following year for commercial quail cultivation. The cycle only takes 1.5 to 2 years, and the body color, meat quality and food value are equivalent to that of the wild pheasant.

When choosing a hatchery, if you are unconditionally purchasing a thermostatic incubator, you can simply set up a simple incubator in an ordinary house, or set up a temporary greenhouse for plastic sheds, or use an idle farmhouse for raising silkworm eggs. The volume of the egg tray (or egg box) depends on the size of the hatchery and the number of eggs to be hatched. During the spawning season, attention should be paid to observing spawning marks in the spawning ground. Eggs are usually collected in 12 to 24 hours after the egg is produced and the plant pole (formation of the amniotic membrane in the egg and the embryo is completely fixed) occurs. Premature picking of eggs will destroy the fixation of the embryos, too late will affect the incubation process. 12 to 24 hours after the output of the normal fertilized eggs as a whole round light milky white (or pink), a white bright spot at one end (ie, animal pole), otherwise generally (a few animals appear to be 48 hours after the fertilized eggs hatched) Unfertilized eggs were removed.

First, lay a layer of 0.5-cm-thick sponge on the bottom of the egg-laying disc, and cover the sponge with 1 to 2 cm thick sand with a particle size of 0.5-0.6 mm to make an egg bed. Then, evenly arrange the collected fertilized eggs on the carrier. In the egg tray, the horizontal spacing is 1 cm, and the vertical spacing is 1.5 to 2 cm. The space is covered with fine yellow sand.

The suitable temperature for embryonic development is from 26°C to 36°C. During incubation, various methods (such as incandescent lamps, electric furnaces, coal stoves, electric heating cookers, heaters, tunnels, etc.) can be used to adapt to local conditions. Heating, combined with watering, ventilation, The temperature in the incubator (box) is controlled at 31°C~32°C. Due to the strong anti-low humidity ability of quail eggs, and the relatively low ability to resist high humidity, the relative humidity in the incubator (box) should be stabilized at 70% to 80%, that is, to maintain the 8% to 8% moisture content of the contained sand in the egg tray. . It is advisable to use a hand to knead the dough and hand loose dough. Regularly set aside the fine sand contained in the egg tray and observe the humidity in the sand. If necessary, use a sprayer to spray water on the sand surface.

The incubator (box) maintains ventilation for 1 to 2 hours per day to ensure the oxygen required for normal breathing during the embryonic development. Especially in the use of coal-fired furnaces, hatching and warming incubation, ventilation is more important, can reduce the leakage of waste gas, waste smoke poisoning eggs.

2

Suitable for stocking density

The species stocking must be scientifically stocked according to the pond's sediment conditions and different types of specifications. Steroid disinfection is very important. Sterilization can be done using 2% saline for 5 minutes. Iodine can also be used to disinfect the medicine. When stocking, it can be poured into the water. .

Freshly hatched juveniles have delicate physiques and should be allowed to crawl freely on fine sand, and should not be directly pooled. After 3 hours of hatching, the juveniles should be kept in a moist, fine sand and carefully managed for 3 to 5 days before they can be kept in the nursery pool. From July to August, hatched juveniles are exposed to high temperatures and cannot be fed directly to the outdoor ponds. The juvenile clams that hatched around October have a large temperature difference between day and night and cannot be kept in outdoor jujube pools. All of them should be kept in the indoor nursery pool. Only the shells hatched around September can be kept in the outdoor nursery pool.

The juvenile stocking densities are generally about 10 per square meter, and the early shelled juveniles are reared indoors until 8 to early September. They spend the summer heat season, weigh about 10 to 15 grams, and then go outdoor. When raising, it is appropriate to put 30 or so square meters.

Sandy ponds each amounted to 300 grams, 1500 mu per mu, and 1200 per mu; 400 hectares of soil ponds, 700 mu per mu; 500 mu per 400 mu; 500 mu per mu for loess ponds, 400 mu 400 acres were placed in the acre; 600 were placed on 300 grams of black soil ponds and 500 were placed on 400 grams of acres. At the same time, you can raise squid, puffball and shrimp.

3

Careful feeding management

The depth of the pool is 25 cm. The water is green, and the transparency is 40-50 cm. The residual food should be eliminated, often changing the water. A small amount of small fry can be put in the pond to eat zooplankton. The juvenile bait has stricter requirements than the juvenile bait. It must be fine, soft, refined, tender, digestible, and of high nutritional value. General feeding quail, small fish shrimp, milk powder, fish and animal liver. After juvenile stocking, in order to adapt to the new environment as soon as possible, fresh live animal feeds such as snails, fresh fish, pork liver, and chicken liver were used for the first five days after stocking. The first time can be fed according to the proportion of 5% to 10% of the stocking weight, and can be increased or decreased flexibly according to the weather and actual eating conditions at that time by 10%. After 5 days, it can be fed by combination of fresh feed and commercial feed. , gradually reduce the proportion of fresh feed 10-15 days, change feed feed. When feeding live feed, be sure to cut the pieces smaller so as not to affect the ingestion and waste. You can also mix 50% of the pulp and feed.

Feed feeding is an important part of the breeding process. Only according to the growth stage and health status of the cockroach, feeding the self-formulated feed with different formulas can meet the need for healthy growth. The pups in the greenhouse are mainly fed with compound feeds; the commercial products of pond culture are mainly fed with fresh live animal feedstuffs, which can not only increase the growth speed of pupae, but also improve the plutonium quality. Under persistent rainy weather conditions, the appetite of quails is poor, and it is necessary to feed compound feeds that are easily digested and absorbed to reduce water pollution and enhance the immune system of quail. In the greenhouse cultivation stage, we must pay attention to changing the water and disinfecting. The pond culture stage should pay attention to the removal of residual baits and water quality management, and do a good job in breeding records.

4

Scientific prevention and control of disease

Red-necked ticks had red spots in the abdomen, swollen throats and necks, muscle edema, delayed movements, severe mouth and nose bleeding, inflammation of the intestines, erosions, swelling of the body, whitish blindness in the eyes, and death in the near future. The water quality should be kept clean, and terramycin, chlortetracycline, chloramphenicol and other antibiotics or sulfa drugs can be used for feeding.

Fungal infections are caused by bacterial infections after biting or mechanical injury. The skin can be seen with naked eyes, neck, tail, skirts, etc. The skin is corrupted, eroded and necrosed and forms ulcers. In severe cases, the skin of the limbs rotted, the claws came off the bones, the neck muscles and bones were exposed, and the skirts festered. The pool water should be kept clean and properly bred, and good quality feed should be provided. Use 10 international units of sulphonamides or antibiotics to dip sickness.

Leukoplakia occurs in limbs, skirts, etc., causing epidermal necrosis and partial ulceration. Clear lime can be completely disinfected with lime, so that the pool water is often kept green and tender. Soak the sickle with 10 international units of bleach, or sprinkle with salt and soda mixture.

Reproductive mycosis can be seen naked eyes, back, plastron, neck, etc., showing a cluster of white hair, when the pool of water is green, because the worm body cytoplasm and stalk dyed green, visible sickness body is also green . Use a bleach solution to dip, or dip with salt water.

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