Jujube tree trimming beneficial to increase production
In the early stage of tree development, the jujube tree's canopy is still not fully formed, and the growth remains primarily vegetative. However, fruit production has been increasing year by year. During this phase, pruning should focus on thinning, shortening, and shaping the tree to encourage a well-structured canopy. The "Four Stays" principle guides this process: retain the outer jujube head, the main backbone branch, strong and promising shoots, and those with many secondary branches that have good potential for fruiting. This helps expand the canopy and boost yield over time. On the other hand, the "Five Not Stays" rule advises against keeping drooping or weak branches, slender, overlapping, or poorly placed branches, dead or pest-infested limbs, leggy or unproductive shoots, and crossing or inward-growing branches. Any branch that fails to produce new growth for three years or more should also be removed. For bald areas, gradual retraction and renewal are recommended.
During the full fruiting period, the jujube tree’s canopy is well-established, and its growth becomes more balanced. The tips of the branches begin to bend and cross, while inner parts may start to wither. As a result, the fruiting sites gradually shift outward. Pruning at this stage should focus on opening up the canopy, improving light exposure, and encouraging the development of inner branches. It’s important to maintain and renew the fruiting clusters to prevent the inner branches from dying out and the fruiting areas from moving too far outward.
For aging jujube trees, pruning strategies depend on the tree's vitality. Trees that are just beginning to decline can be pruned heavily in winter by cutting back branches significantly. For trees with sparse or weak fruiting branches, these should be removed from the base. Other old branches should be shortened by one-third to half to concentrate nutrients and promote new growth. Soft, drooping branches can be cut back to raise their angle and improve their growth potential. The amount of retraction should be about one-third to two-fifths of the branch’s length. For young branches (1–3 years old) within the canopy, middle and small branches should be cultivated based on available space and the number of secondary branches, with shortening as needed.
In severely aged trees where most of the branches are dead and the central trunk is showing signs of decay, a more aggressive approach is necessary. The main branches should be pruned back significantly, typically to one-third to one-half their original length. However, it's crucial that the diameter of the cut does not exceed 5 cm to avoid damaging the tree further. After pruning, the tree must be protected, fruit production reduced, and proper fertilization and irrigation maintained to stimulate new growth and rejuvenate the tree. Frequent updates are essential to ensure effective pruning, as partial branch renewal often yields limited results.
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