How to prevent pollution in animal husbandry? 6. Ecological breeding of fermentation beds. The use of ecological fermentation bed breeding, decomposition of feces in situ, zero emissions, no pollution, but also save water, electricity, feed, medicine, and improve economic efficiency. Regardless of the "chicken-pig-mung-vegetable" model or the "grain-waste-pig-marsh-fishing" model, the cost is large, it is not cost-effective, it is not technically feasible, and the fermentation bed is economically technically Very feasible. SICHUAN UNIWELL BIOTECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. , https://www.uniwellbio.com
During the “two sessions†this year, the issue of environmental protection in animal husbandry was one of the hot topics that attracted the attention of the deputies to the National People's Congress and members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. To this end, the magazine specially invited Huang Weiyi, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and Vice President of Guangxi University, to propose solutions to the pollution control of animal husbandry. The publication is now for reference.
Animal husbandry has become a source of pollution that cannot be ignored after industrial pollution. China's animal husbandry industry is growing at a rate that exceeds the world average. Intensification is getting higher and higher. Breeding density and feeding volume increase dramatically. The large amount of excreta and waste generated during animal husbandry and living body processing has become increasingly prominent in the pollution of humans, other organisms, and the living environment of livestock and poultry themselves. . Animal husbandry has become a source of pollution that cannot be ignored after industrial pollution. At the same time, the biggest victims of animal husbandry pollution are farmers. To implement the acceleration of comprehensive rural well-to-do and modernization, and the construction of a new socialist countryside, it is imperative to vigorously manage the pollution of animal husbandry, mainly the treatment of sewage and waste gas.
I. Livestock urine and sewage pollution At present, more than 98% of the farms in China do not directly discharge the discharged fecal sewage. For example, the annual excrement of livestock and poultry in Beijing and Shanghai exceeds that of industrial waste and domestic waste. Emissions. In 1999, the amount of animal manure produced in China was about 1.9 billion tons, 2.4 times that of industrial solid waste, and even more than four times in some areas. The discharge of waste forms “black water†that infiltrates into the water supply system, contaminates drinking water, causes poisoning or causes allergic reactions. Sewage still transmits a large number of zoonotic diseases. There are at least 90 infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans and livestock. Some township and township households directly use chicken manure to feed pigs and pig manure to feed fish. This "three-dimensional culture" is easy to produce new influenza viruses and other new diseases. Place.
II. Air Pollution Caused by Animal Husbandry The exhaust emissions of animal husbandry, which are restricted in developed countries, have not attracted attention in China. Air pollution from farms includes odor, dust and microbes. Farm odor, in addition to the special unpleasant odors from the farm's skin secretions, skin-adherent soils, pheromones, exhaled breath, etc., as well as corruption decomposition products of organic matter from the waste during dumping, Including methane, organic acids, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, alcohols and more than 200 kinds of odor substances. In addition to causing discomfort and aversion to these pollutants, most of the malodorous components are irritating and toxic to humans and animals. Inhalation of certain high concentrations of malodorous gases can cause acute poisoning. Inhaling low concentrations of malodorous gases for long periods of time can lead to chronic poisoning. Some substances can also damage the liver and kidneys. Inhaling odor gases for a long time will change the neuroendocrine function, reduce the metabolism and immune function, reduce productivity, and increase morbidity and mortality. The stench gas can make people feel extremely unpleasant, even unbearable, which seriously affects people's quality of life and work efficiency; at the same time, it also affects the healthy growth of livestock and poultry.
Ruminants produce a large amount of methane that accounts for 1/5 of the atmospheric methane gas. Each year, 60 to 70 liters of methane is released into the air per cow, which is 2 to 3 times that of other ruminants. At present, China is vigorously developing the dairy industry. The country's 137.8 million head of cattle (2004) has discharged more than 826,000 tons of methane per year! With the development of the dairy industry, this invisible pollution will multiply. The greenhouse effect of methane is 24.5 times that of carbon dioxide. The natural disaster caused by the greenhouse effect has already made China one of the world’s biggest victims of “global warmingâ€. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is not only an issue of “obligation†for our country, but it is also a question of whether we should “digging our own graveâ€.
Emphasizing the prevention and control of environmental pollution in animal husbandry, we must start with the source of the “Administrative Measures on Pollution Prevention of Livestock and Poultry Breeding†(hereinafter referred to as “Measuresâ€) promulgated by the State Environmental Protection Administration in 2001. For pigs with a population of 500 or more, 30,000 Requirements for livestock and poultry farms with more than one bird and more than 100 cattle. However, its terms are still principled. Only a few cities such as Shanghai have formulated a number of local standards and conducted various degrees of governance. However, the "Measures" lack authoritative and mandatory. Technically, the state does not have uniform technical regulations and standards for handling livestock and poultry excreta. In particular, the legal monitoring of the medium and small-scale farms under this standard is a blank. This is an urgent task for the construction of a new socialist countryside, whether from management or technology, to deal with pollution of livestock and poultry manure. Therefore, we must step up research and establish a scientific and practical environmental management system. Through legal means to stop the pollution of animal husbandry, and impose certain economic sanctions. Only in this way can China's animal husbandry truly take the road of sustainable development.
First, formulate anti-pollution laws and regulations, strengthen environmental supervision In order to implement the scientific concept of development and follow the path of sustainable development, China must solve the problem of pollution in the animal husbandry and animal husbandry industry as soon as possible, learn from the experiences and lessons of the pollution control of livestock husbandry in developed countries, and can no longer go to the end of governance. mode. It is necessary to supplement, improve, and strictly implement the "Measures" as soon as possible and raise it to the height of the law. On the one hand, strict regulations are imposed on the establishment of regulations and regulations. On the other hand, it is necessary to increase the use of economic levers. For example, cleaner producers are given appropriate tax exemptions, and polluters are levied with high pollution taxes or fines.
II. Research and promotion of animal husbandry environmental pollution prevention and control Technology and reduction of livestock husbandry pollution are common problems faced by livestock production, environmental protection, and sanitation and epidemic prevention departments. Research on science and technology needs to be strengthened. From a technical point of view, prevention and control of pollution should adhere to the principle of “prevention first, and prevention and more emphasis on governance†to achieve the “treating the symptoms according to the rule, treating the problem by both the root and the root.†Take ecological comprehensive prevention and control measures to fundamentally solve the pollution problem of livestock husbandry.
1. Develop and apply environmentally friendly feeds to increase the feed efficiency of livestock and poultry. In particular, it is necessary to increase the utilization of nitrogen in feed and reduce nitrogen pollution in livestock and poultry manure. This is a “fixing†measure to eliminate pollution from livestock husbandry.
2. Develop and apply deodorants for livestock to reduce the pollution of animal excreta and odors. Such as the application of Yucca plant extracts, metasilicate minerals, green earthworms, microencapsulated microorganisms, and enzyme preparations, to adsorb, inhibit, decompose, and transform the toxic and harmful components of excreta into ammonia nitrate. Turn hydrogen sulfide into sulfuric acid to reduce or eliminate pollution.
3. Purify the sewage by biological and ecological methods. Efforts were made to vigorously promote biogas treatment of livestock and poultry excrement. Under normal temperature conditions, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) can be reduced by 70% to 90%. As an anaerobic fermentation device developed in Italy, the methane content of biogas obtained can be as high as 70% and can be directly used as fuel. The processing system can produce 15 million cubic meters of biogas annually. In addition to the conventional methods of sedimentation, filtration and disinfection of sewage, the use of artificial wetlands for secondary treatment of livestock farm wastewater meets emission standards. And to promote the use of classified water recycling technology.
4. Reusing feces technology. From the production process, it is necessary to improve the manure sewage treatment mode of the farm, promote the dry manure process, or the circulating water cleaning system, reduce the amount of sewage, divert the dry manure from the urine, maximize the preservation of manure efficiency, and reduce the amount of sewage. The concentration of pollutants. After proper composting, dry manure can produce high-efficiency bioactive organic fertilizer, which has a good market prospect. Use some organisms such as microbes, fly maggots, maggots, etc. to digest feces and turn waste into treasure.
5. Animal husbandry ecological engineering technology. One of the most important features of ecological livestock husbandry is turning waste into treasure, using multi-level hierarchical utilization of nutrients, regenerating them in the conversion of matter, circulating them in the flow of energy, and realizing the complete metabolic process of the multifunctional system. , To achieve diversification, no waste, high efficiency and pollution-free production. For example, cow manure is fed into the fermentation tank through a mechanical scraping device to make biogas to provide energy for the whole field; the fermented feces residue and feed liquid are used as a culture medium, a large number of photosynthetic bacteria are cultured, or fly maggots, maggots, etc. are processed. Protein feeds are made; the remaining feces are used as feed for the feed base; the remaining feed liquid flows into soil-free greenhouses for cultivation of vegetables and other crops; the feed liquid after soilless cultivation is fed to ponds for ducks, fish and aquatic animals. plant. This not only purifies the environment, but also makes vitamin supplements from aquatic plants.