China’s cotton production accounts for about a quarter of the world’s total. At the same time as the harvest of cotton, there is also a large amount of waste, such as cotton stalks, cotton hulls, etc. Cottonseed husk has been developed as a high-quality raw material for cultivation of various kinds of edible fungi, and the technique of cultivating edible fungi using cotton culms has lagged behind. Theoretically speaking, cotton stalks are rich in nutrients. Compared with corn stalks, rice straw, and wheat straw, the crude protein content of cotton stalks can be as high as 6.5%, and the crude fiber content is abundant. It is also a good raw material for cultivation of edible fungi. In 2008, the author carried out a large-scale production experiment using cotton stalks to cultivate Agaricus bisporus, and received a satisfactory effect of 35 kg per square meter and 15 kg of mushrooms. This proves that it is feasible to cultivate Agaricus bisporus by using cotton stalks in large areas. The use of cotton stalk cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, there are three key technical issues: First, cotton stalk processing problems; Second, the formulation of culture materials; Third, the fermentation material fermentation problems. The cotton stalks are processed using special crushing equipment, and the cotton stalks are processed to grow about 10 centimeters and fragmented pieces. The processing time is appropriate in December, because the cotton stalk is relatively humid, the internal water content is about 40%, and the qualified rate of the processed cotton stalk is above 98%. If the cotton stalk is left for a long time and is too dry, it needs to be sprayed and then processed, otherwise there will be a large amount of dust, granules and rods, which will affect the quality of the culture material. Because of the difference in nutrient composition and hardness between cotton stalk and wheat straw and rice straw, the formulation of culture material cannot be used to formulate the formula of gargle mushroom with wheat straw and rice straw. It should be combined with the nutritional requirements of normal growth of mushroom and the nutritional characteristics of cotton stalk, as far as possible for the mushroom. Fast, robust growth provides the best, nutritious ingredients. In the production, the material used per 100 square meters: 2000 kg of cotton stalks, 1,500 kg of cow dung, 100 kg of cake fat, 5 kg of urea, 8 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 10 kg of superphosphate, 30 kg of gypsum, and 40 kg of quick lime. Pre-wet manure pre-wet 2-3 days in advance. Due to the dense tissue, low water absorption, and small amount of water draught, cotton stalks are necessary for pre-wetting. If water is too small, “burning†is likely to occur. Pre-wet method: dig a trench, lined with plastic film, and then put water into the ditch, add 1% of the amount of lime. Put the cotton stalks into the ditch water and keep tapping and soaking for 1-2 hours until you have enough water to remove them. Check the cotton stalk to eat permeable method is to extract a few long cotton stalks broken by hand, with no white heart is appropriate. Before stacking, stack a layer of cotton stalk, about 30 centimeters thick, 2 meters wide, depending on the amount of material. Then lay a layer of manure on top to cover the layer of cotton stalks. Spread 30 centimeters thick cotton stalks on the manure and spread a layer of manure. This layer of manure on a layer of cotton stalks is piled up in order until the pile reaches 1.5 meters. Cake fat and urea are generally added in the middle layer, the lower layer is not added, and the upper layers are added with ammonium bicarbonate. Dissolved in water should be used with water to facilitate full fermentation and absorption. When stacking, pay attention to whether the material pile is vertical, neat, and dense. The top is made of a compacted material that is compacted into a curved shape. The top of the pile is covered with grass and sunscreen. Cover the film with rain to prevent rain from pouring into the material. Remove the film after rain to facilitate ventilation. As the cotton stalk has low water-drawing capacity, good air permeability, plus solar radiation, the temperature rises quickly and the surface temperature of the stockpile can easily rise to 80°C. In fact, what fermentation needs is the synergistic effect of different types of micro-organisms, and the entire stack of material is heated too fast and too high, which is not conducive to the adjustment of populations and the progress of fermentation. Therefore, it is advisable that the material stack direction is north-south. For the first time in six days after the fermentation, the reactor was piled and the calcium superphosphate and half of the gypsum powder were layered in, and the water was poured out to adjust the humidity. The second turnover was carried out 5 days after the first turnover and the other half of the gypsum powder was added during the turning. The key to the first two turnovers is to pay attention to the moisture content of the stockpile. As the cotton stalk absorbs water slowly and the amount of draft is small, evaporation loses moisture quickly. Therefore, it is an important measure to guarantee the excellent fermentation of cotton stalks by replenishing water with the opportunity of turning. The apparent appearance of water shortage is that the white point layer is too dense and deep and even reaches the bottom of the pile and the color of cotton stalk is light. Before the two replenishment, not afraid of water, and bogey water is small, each time make up a small amount of water to make up. The third tumbling was carried out 4 days after the second tumbling and lime powder was added to bring the pH to 7.5. The fourth turnover was carried out 4 days after the third turnover, and the third turnover was carried out 3 days after the fourth turnover. At this time, the material piles were wide and high and the length was shortened. As the surface area of ​​the stockpile decreases, no additional moisture is added. The culture material can be put into the shed 3 days after fermentation, and the total fermentation time is 20-25 days. The well-fermented culture material has a dark brown color, a savory aroma, no odor, and no ammonia. The water content is about 62%, and it is evenly mixed with cow dung. The pH value is 7-7.5. If secondary fermentation is used, the culture material that is evaporating and dehydrating on the bed frame must be replenished with water before sowing. Thick-soiled heavy-watered mushrooming water Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus using cotton stalks does not require special requirements for the species and cultivation season of Agaricus bisporus. It is basically the same as traditional techniques for cultivating Agaricus bisporus using rice straw, wheat straw, etc. The main steps are still feeding, inoculation, and germination. Cover soil, mushroom, harvest and so on. The cultivation mode is generally still using a ground bed or a shelf type bed plant. When the mycelium grows close to the bottom of the material, it can be covered with soil. Because the mycelium grows particularly vigorously on the culture material based on cotton stalk, it is necessary to cover the thick soil to transform the mycelium growth advantage into the mushrooming advantage. The cover soil is 4 cm thick, and the soil can be covered once. After the soil is covered, the soil layer is transferred to the handcuffs and it is not sticky. When the shed temperature is around 15°C, the hyphae can be plunged into the soil within 5 days. When the mycelium is fully propagated in the cover soil, a large amount of water must be sprayed in a timely manner, and the surface of the soil layer should be bright or have a slight amount of water. It is necessary to promote the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, with a large number of mushrooms in about 4 days. Lei formation, later management with the routine. It is perfectly possible to cultivate other edible mushroom species using cotton stalks. At present, domestic and foreign cultivation of edible fungi using cotton stalks is mainly concentrated in wood rot fungi, such as mushrooms, fungus, white fungus, mushroom, bamboo and other. The cultivation of Agaricus bisporus by cotton stalks is a useful attempt to transfer herbaceous materials with low degree of lignification to herbaceous materials with relatively high degree of lignification, and a new path has been explored for the transformation and utilization of a large amount of cotton stalk resources in cotton producing areas. .
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