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Early flowering and high-yielding cultivation techniques
The flowers are shaped like calla lilies, flaming flowers, and bright yellow color. They have a special scent that can be steamed, fried, etc., and can also be marinated after being dried and dried. It is a favorite dish for people in summer. With long-established reputation of ribs, stew and stew can be described as a gourmet Shidian Yunnan. The normal flowering period of the flower is July. In recent years, in order to grab the morning market and improve the planting efficiency, we have continuously explored and practiced and gradually summed up a set of early maturing cultivation experience with the selection of the mother plant as the core, making the flowering period ahead of schedule. By the middle and early May, it has not only enriched the food basket during the transit period, but also greatly improved farmers' planting efficiency. The output value of the general sales of alfalfa can reach 2500-3000 yuan per 667m2, and it can also harvest 2500-3000kg of steamed bread. Most of it can be used for vegetable sales or high-quality feed for raising pigs, except for retaining seed. The total output value of 667m2 can be used for both items. Up to 4000-4500 yuan. The cultivation techniques are now described as follows: 1. The selection of suitable breed varieties is the key to early success or failure. There are many types and varieties of steamed buns, most varieties are difficult to flower or have a late flowering period. Some varieties have poor flower color, taste and astringency, are inedible, and have no commercial value. Early maturing cultivation aims at harvesting pods with long pedicels, fertile flowers, and fresh color. The selected cultivars should have the characteristics of stable growth, early flowering, many buds and buds, good flowering color, and good quality. After comparative tests, the white stem flowering pods selected by local multi-generational orientation performed best. The variety has a strong sprouting ability, with less variegated seedlings and sprouts, and many buds and buds. Each bud can germinate 2-4 plump flower buds, each can pump 10-12 buds, and the extracted flowers are moist, aromatic and of good quality. . Second, the selection and retention of seed pods from the disease-free field selection of seed pods, 9-October leaves 3-4 leaves, cut off the rest of the plant outside the old yellow leaves, promote nutrient to the bulbs. Choose the sunny harvest after the beginning of the winter, lightly squat along the empty line. The earthworms were shaken out of the earth, and the mother, sons, and grandsons were separated, and the remaining species were removed. The mothers who were full and had no spots, no wormholes, and had a single weight of about 200 g were selected. For the species. Leave the leaves near the top bud 5cm, and cut the rest. Remove the fibrous roots. The pods are soft and have less nutritive substance accumulation. Although their vigor is strong, flower buds have fewer buds, fewer flowers, and a late flowering period. Generally, they are not suitable for planting. If the seed source is in short supply, it is also possible to select a single ball with a standby weight of 120g or more. The bulbs are cleaned and spread out in the sun for 3-4 days to reduce the water content of the bulbs, which is convenient for storage and storage. The brown scale fluff and the remaining leaf sheaths on the stem sections fall off as well. To prevent rot during storage, it is advisable to spread the pods before storage and spray a mixture of 70% thiophanate-methyl 500-fold and 10 million-unit 72% agricultural streptomycin 4,000-fold. Stored in a cool, ventilated, dry place. Third, the practice of colonization for a good period of time has proved that the mid-to-late December is the best time for planting in our country. The colonization was too early, the temperature and the soil temperature were low, the seedling root system had difficulty growing, the germination was slow, and it was prone to decay, resulting in the lack of seedlings and ridges. Late sowing, due to the temperature rise has accelerated the speed of vegetative growth, not only delay the flowering period, and the squid of the twigs out of thin, low yield, poor quality, affecting the planting efficiency. Fourth, germination In order to reach the goal of early emergence, germination is carried out 20 days before planting. By raising the roots with roots and promoting buds with roots, it is ensured that the seedlings are neat and consistent. The pods are sun-dried in the sun for 2-3 days to break the dormancy and promote germination. At the same time, the pods are selected again, and the bulbs that have been dried, damaged, damaged or rotted after storage are removed. The best choice for seedbeds is loose sandy soil and leeward sandy land. After deep-turning the hoe, the sorghum has a width of 1.2m. The vertical direction of the sorghum is 10cm in row spacing and 20cm in depth. In order to prevent the occurrence of underground pests and diseases, a small amount of 2.5% Alphafen powder and 50% Carbendazim wettable powder can be applied in the trench. Seedlings 2-3 cm apart evenly in the ditch, covering the earth 5-6cm, leveling the surface, and then pouring enough water, the amount of water to pass through without flowing is appropriate, the surface soil moisture is slightly dry, cover the width of 1m mulch, insulation Moisturizing. Generally, every 667m2 field uses 400-450kg 250-300g seed ball. V. Colonization 1. The selection of soil preparation sites should not be used for continuous cropping. Continuous cropping has a rather weak growth potential. Plants are short, and they have short flowering branches, thin flower buds, poor commodity quality, and low yield. Should choose to leeward sunny, easy irrigation and drainage, fertile soil, loose texture, as a food crop before, within three years have not planted similar crops of land cultivation. In September and October, the previous crop was deep-frozen and ripened after the harvest. Before the planting, the plant should be fully crushed. After the land is leveled, the sulcus is opened at a spacing of 1 to 1.2 m. The groove is 35 to 40 cm wide and 20 cm deep. The width of the field is 40-45cm wide and the depth is 30-35cm. If the width of the field exceeds 10m, a row of irrigation ditch may be opened every 5m to ensure that the drainage can be performed freely. 2. Planting fertilization and germination about 15-20 days, when the species began to emit roots, the top buds can be planted when germinating. The roots grow well and the full-tip buds are evenly distributed in the ditch at 45-50 cm spacing. Single ball weighing 250-300g single ball planting, single ball weight about 150g double ball planting. The base fertilizer is applied between two species of leeches. Each 667m2 of decomposed organic fertilizer is 3000-4000kg, calcium sulphate is 40-50kg, urea is 10-15kg, potassium sulfate is 15-20kg or cake fertilizer is 100-150kg, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 40kg. Note that the fertilizer cannot touch the root system. After planting, cover with empty fine soil cover. The thickness of cover soil should be 8-10cm. The cover is too deep, the soil temperature is low, the permeability is poor, and the germination growth is slow. The level of the sulcus after covering the soil should be less than about 5cm from the surface of the mulberry, which will be conducive to water retention and high soil growth afterwards. It will also prevent the occurrence of sub-family larvae and sunspots, so as not to consume the nutrients of the female locust, and to affect the quantity and quality of pods. Cover the earth with enough water, then cover with a 40-50cm wide mulch film and seal it tightly. Due to the longer seedling period and slower growth in the early stage, it is generally used for intercropping with short-term vegetable crops in order to make full use of the land. However, intercropped early-maturing plants should not be intercropped, because soil moisture increases when the intercropping crops are fertilized. Ground temperature, so that the lotus sprouts pumping leaves late, slow growth, delayed flowering. Six, to strengthen management 1. Broken membrane induced seedlings planted after planting water, generally can ensure that the emergence. If the temperature is high, the water evaporates quickly, the soil is too dry, and there is no condensation on the bottom of the film during the day. Water should be poured along the sulcus to keep the soil moist. After the beginning of spring, young shoots can be unearthed gradually. During this period, it is often necessary to go to the field to check the ground and find that the unearthed seedlings immediately break the film and put the seedlings to prevent high-temperature burns. Membrane breakage time is appropriate before 10:00 am. You can directly tear the film by hand, remove the seedlings, and then seal the seedlings with fine soil to prevent water loss and reduce the soil temperature. 2. Irrigation, fertilizer, steamed bread, wet humidity, fear of drought, the whole growth period to keep the soil moist, especially after the emergence of rising temperatures, to diligent irrigation, promote root growth, to meet the needs of the smooth replacement of head and mother lice development of water . When it grows to 4-5 leaves, it begins to enter a vigorous growth stage. The area of ​​the leaf grows rapidly and requires more water. In this period, the water should be properly controlled to prevent the flower buds from differentiating or forming blind flowers due to excessive growth on the ground. The suitable plant morphological characteristics of soil moisture is the hanging of water droplets in the leaves of the morning sorghum and not rolled during the day. The large bulbs began to attract squid around the 7th leaf and entered the flowering stage to supply sufficient water. During this period, the water was lacking. The flowers were not only short in flowering branch, but also small in flower bud and poor in color, affecting the yield and quality of the pod flower. If there is no precipitation, every 5-7 days should be filled with water along the sulcus, choose cloudy days or sooner or later, bogey noon high temperature irrigation. Steamed bread requires a large amount of fertilizer, in addition to the application of base fertilizer, generally top dressing 3-4 times. The first time is to raise the seedlings, after the leaves are spread 667m2 urea 10-15kg, calcium sulphide 15-20kg, mixed and poured on the water to promote root growth and change head; the second time for the bulb enlargement fertilizer, 3-4 Combined with 667m2 urea 10kg and three-element compound fertilizer 15kg in the leaf stage, the mother beetle after the head replacement is fully expanded, and sufficient nutrients are accumulated to meet the needs of flower bud differentiation; the third is the flowering fertilizer, and the seventh leaf stage is combined with ditching soil ( With soil in the ditch for soil cultivation), it is necessary to reapply 667m2 of three-element compound fertilizer 25kg and potassium fertilizer 10kg. During this period, the fertilizer is insufficient. The pods of the pods are short-colored, the quality is poor, and the mother quail growth is also poor, and the accumulation of nutrients is relatively poor. Less affects the quality of the seedlings in the coming year. 3. Gully soil combined with fertilization and weeding, soil cultivation 2-3 times before flowering, improve soil permeability, increase the number of adventitious roots, speed up female pupa enlargement rate, at the same time can prevent too many sub-carps cause disproportionate growth, nutrient growth Sheng, delayed flowering. The first time the soil is cultivated in the two-leaf stage, after the soil is cultivated, the bottom of the ditch is at the same level as the species, which is beneficial to the preservation of water and is conducive to the change of temperature. At the 4th leaf stage, the second time, the thickness of the soil layer was increased. After the soil was cultivated, the ditch bottom was 5 cm lower than the seedling. The third time in the 6-7 leaf stage, after the soil is raised, the ditch bottom is 10cm below the seedlings, so that the field can be discharged smoothly to prevent water accumulation after rain and reduce or prevent the occurrence of diseases. With proper management, 2-3 buds usually occur in each plant, and a small amount of sprouts occur. You do not need to remove lateral buds. If there is too much, remove excess lateral buds in time to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field and reduce nutrient consumption. 4. Add foliar fertilizers and plant growth regulators to spread the leaves and inoculate 2 to 3 times to obtain bio-fertilizer soil inoculants at an interval of 15 days, each time using 60g per 667m2, and uniformly apply 250-300kg of water to the roots. It has a good effect on promoting root growth and reducing root diseases. After 3 leaves are sprayed every 10-15 days for one time to obtain biological fertilizer foliar synergist or multi-element foliar fertilizer, once every two or three times. 7. Prevention and cure of diseases and insect pests The main diseases of steamed bread are mainly bacterial leaf spot and brown spot, which are mainly damaged leaves, and the damaged plants have small flowers with poor quality. Bacterial leaf spot can be used 10 million units 72% agricultural streptomycin 4000 times, 50% sterilization Wei 2500 times or can kill 2,000 times dry suspension 1200 times spray control, can use 70% chlorhexidine brown spot Buchin 500 times, 50% trehalose 500 times spray control. Insect pests mainly include Spodoptera litura. In severe cases, only leaf veins and petioles are left for mesophyll, which can be controlled by spraying 52.25% of farmland 1000 times solution or 30% of beryllium rapidly killing 800-1000 times. 8. Harvest When the peduncles are extracted, the pods are harvested in time when they have not yet been opened. When harvesting is too late, the color of the flower buds will turn pale after opening, and the quality will be degraded, which will affect the marketability. At the time of harvesting, the pods were pulled down in the afternoon along the petioles (the angle between the pods and petioles is about 90 degrees), and then the peduncles were gently pulled up to try not to damage the leaves. Finally, according to the length of the pedicel and the size of the flower buds were tied, 4-5 branches into a hand, so that the flowers and pods together, tied up and placed in the cool shade of the leeward, to prevent dehydration flowers, affect the appearance of goods. Before the listing, use a knife to cut off the base of the pedicel so that the length of the peduncle is neat and consistent. In this short time, the knife edge will not be black and the color will be fresh and beautiful.