Bitter gourd cultivation management technology

First, sowing seedlings and planting density Winter and bitter gourd are usually planted in the southern region of Hainan from September to February of the following year. The northern region is mostly planted from November to February of the following year. It is recommended that seedlings or seedlings of nursery plants be transplanted. Since winter and spring sowing, often in low-temperature weather conditions, it should pay attention to do a good job of cold, insulation work. When the seedlings were 3-4 true leaves, they were planted. Colonization should be performed after the temperature has stabilized so as to avoid lowering the survival rate due to the influence of low temperature during the transplantation process. Summer and autumn sowing, generally after germination and live broadcast. As the bitter gourd seed shell thickness, epidermis and wax, water absorption is slow, so pay attention to germination method. The specific approach is: soaking with warm water 50-60 °C for 10-15 minutes, stirring while dipping, until the water temperature to room temperature and then continue to soak for 10-12 hours; then, then placed at 25-30 °C, germination, after about 48 After hours, you can germinate. If the temperature is low, germination is slower. It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that seeds that have not yet germinated must be washed once a day with clean water to remove mucilage on the surface of the seeds to prevent moldy rot and promote early germination of the seeds. After the seeds have germinated, they are sown in a seedbed or nursery pot, and the water is poured until the seedlings have emerged. In winter and spring, bitter gourd grows for a long period of time. Generally, 800-1000 mu can be planted in the winter and spring, and the density is not good when grown too late. However, it should not be planted too sparsely: Some farmers such as Qionghai and Wanning have planted only 250-300 trees per acre. This results in an increase in the fruiting period of the density. However, the early stage yield is very low, and the benefits are also the same. Not high. Therefore, the winter and spring bitter gourd planting specifications, flat scaffolding to 120-130 cm row spacing, spacing 50-60 cm is appropriate; cultivator cultivation is generally 200-240 cm wide (bag groove), double row plant, spacing 60- 70 cm. In summer and autumn, due to the short growing period, the plant spacing should be more dense. Generally, the plant spacing is 40-50 cm, and about 1200 plants are planted per acre. Second, field management 1, cultivator weeding soil: bitter gourd from the seedling stage, which should be promptly cultivator, weeding and earth, in order to prevent the first kiwifruit soil compaction. Generally, after the planting and irrigating, the first cultivating is carried out when the topsoil is slightly dry and not sticky. If there is a windy day or the soil is too dry, the water can be re-irrigated once and then cultivated. The second cultivator can be carried out 10-15 days after the first cultivator. The cultivator should pay attention to the protection of new roots and should not be too deep. Each cultivator can be combined with a number of high-quality farmyard fertilizers: such as cake fats, all kinds of bird hair, and decomposed chicken manure and pig manure. After the scaffolding, when the melon vines grow to more than 50 cm, the roots are basically covered with the entire line, and it is generally not appropriate to plough the vines. However, we must pay attention to the timely removal of weeds to prevent the growth of weeds, in order to improve ventilation and light conditions in the field and reduce pest damage. In the first cultivator, if a seedling or a weak seedling is found, it must be planted in time to preserve the seedlings. 2, scaffolding and pruning: When the seedlings grow to 20 centimeters or so, it is necessary to carry vines. There are two types of scaffolding: flat scaffolding and herringbone. The flat scaffolds are well ventilated and airy, produce many fruits and produce high yields. The flat scaffolding is divided into flat scaffolding and subdivision flat scaffolding. Lianping scaffolding is generally carried out in rows of melons. Every 3-4 meters, a wooden stake is erected. Above the small bamboo, small sticks or nylon nets are used to connect the stakes of the whole field into one piece. The roof of the shed is about 2 meters away from the ground. About meters; divided flat scaffolding is generally a shed for every two rows of melons, shed height of 1.5-2 meters. Subdivision flat trellis plants are well-surfaced, well-ventilated and air-permeable, easy to manage, and better than connected flat sheds. Regardless of whether it is a flat scaffolding or a flat scaffolding, a sheer frame, or a scaffolding, every effort must be made to prevent the wind from collapsing and to injure melon seedlings and affect yield. The bitter gourd has strong branching ability. The main vines and side vines can produce squash. Under normal circumstances, it is not necessary to carry out pruning. However, bitter gourd in winter and spring, due to strong growth, side vines more than 50 cm from the ground side of the vines and dense and old branches and leaves should be removed in time, in order to facilitate ventilation and light, improve light energy utilization. In the mid-growth stage, if the melon vines are too mad, they must be topped in time to suppress their growth and promote melon growth. The introduction of bitter gourd, before the melon seedlings are not put on the shed, they should be tied every 2-3 days. The method of introducing vines generally leads the main vine to straight up along the bamboo. The side vine spreads horizontally to the left and right sides of the cradle, and the cranius is preferably carried out on a sunny afternoon to avoid breaking. 3, top dressing and irrigation: bitter gourd fruiting rounds more, a long harvest time, a lifetime consumption of water and fertilizer. Therefore, adding fertilizer and water management is an important guarantee for winning high yields. In addition to applying base fertilizer, it is common to apply topdressing when craning, flowering, and fruiting, and the top dressing may be less at the seedling stage. The first application of fertilizer is about 7 days after planting (when the live sweet potato seedling grows 2 true leaves), it can apply 10% of contaminated human excrement or 0.5% compound fertilizer water, and then apply it once every 5-7 days. The concentration gradually increases until the flowering result, the concentration of human excrement can increase to about 30%. During the flowering period, it is necessary to chase after 2-3 times of heavy fertilizer to prolong its harvest period. Generally during the initial flowering period, 25-30 kilograms of cake fertilizer, 15-20 kilograms of compound fertilizer and 10 kilograms of urea are used. The first time after harvest, 20-25 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 20 kilograms of compound fertilizer are continued. After topdressing, once every 102 harvests, 30%-40% of human urine or 10-15 kg of compound fertilizer is applied. Topdressing depends on the weather and the condition of the leaf color. It can be flexibly controlled and increased or decreased as appropriate. Although the bitter gourd is hi damp, it also avoids accumulation of water. If the roots are immersed, the leaves will be wilted and the fruit will rot. It may also cause root rot to cause wilting. Temperatures in the early stage of bitter gourd growth in winter and spring are lower, and water should be properly controlled to enhance cold resistance. The flowers should be properly watered before flowering until they are harvested. Usually, they are watered once every 2-3 days. The water requirement during harvesting is relatively large and should be watered 1-2 times a day. Watering should be done after sunrise or before sunset. Watering does not make the soil too wet. Summer and autumn bitter gourd is in the environment with high temperature and large evaporation. Watering or irrigation should be strengthened to adjust temperature and humidity. In the early stage, it is mainly poured, that is, water is poured into the water. After the melons are full, we can adopt the method of furrow irrigation to keep the soil moist. However, furrow irrigation should be suitable for semi-guttering, so as not to be stained. In the rainy season, we must do a good job of drainage work in time to avoid the accumulation of water to make the surface wet and cause rot disease.

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    Yanchi County Yijian Biotechnol Co.,Ltd
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