Control Measures for Underground Pests of Chinese Medicinal Materials

Underground pests are a class of pests that live in the soil and are mainly crickets, crickets, and tigers. This type of pests is often infested with earthworms, and it is out of the ground at night and its food is very miscellaneous. It mainly harms Salvia miltiorrhiza, Scrophulariae, Dioscorea, Aconitum, Fritillaria, Coptis, Peony, Ophiopogon japonicus, Arisaema, White peony, Campanulaceae, Atractylodes macrocephala, Aster , Yuanhu, heterophylla, Radix isatidis, Radix paeoniae alkaloids and other medicinal plants with roots and rhizomes, and harm to seedlings of medicinal plants such as Andrographis paniculata, chrysanthemum, Nepeta, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, peppermint, pyrethrum, coltsfoot, and calendula . The 1 to 2 instar larvae of these underground pests often accumulate on the back of the heart leaves or young leaves of medicinal plants and bite the leaves into numerous small holes. Some eat leafy meat, leaving the epidermis, so that the leaves appear translucent white spot; some bite the unearthed medicinal seeds, roots, stems, roots, tubers; some unleavened sprouts or just unearthed cotyledons and growth point. After the third instar larvae, the proliferation of harm, increased food intake, hiding in the daytime near the top of the soil near the victim plant 2 ~ 3cm at night in the excavation of hazards, especially at 9 pm, 12 o'clock and 5 o'clock in the morning the most active. In the rainy days, the hazards will be excavated all day. The leaves will bite into holes, nicks, or bite off young shoots, and even the seedlings will be dragged into the cave for consumption. A larvae over 4 years of age can kill 3 to 5 seedlings on an average night, and up to 10 or more seedlings, often resulting in seedlings, ridges and ridges, causing poor growth of seedlings, resulting in decreased quality of medicinal materials, reduced yield, serious impact The economic benefits of medicinal cultivation of medicinal herbs. The following methods are used to prevent and control underground pests: Winter deep-fall winter, deep plowing soil 35cm, and with the cultivating with picking insects, by plowing can destroy pest survival and wintering environment, reduce the next year population density. Manure treatment The unfamed manure is the best place to lure the underground pests to spawn and breed. Therefore, when manure is used for the cultivation of medicinal plants, unripe raw manure should not be used. Secondly, 500 mg of carbaryl 500 g per cubic meter of manure should be harmlessly treated when the manure is poured, and the effect is good. Cleaning pasture weeds is the main site for laying eggs and concealment of underground pests, and it is also a bridge for larvae to move to drug fields. Therefore, the number of overwintering larvae and pupae can be reduced by harvesting the weeds in the field immediately after the crop is harvested. At the same time, before the crop emerges or during the prosperous period of the 1-2 instar larvae of the underground pests, the weeds in the field are promptly removed and reduced. Larval early food can also eliminate some larvae and eggs. Weeding or transporting the weeds out of the field and manure can eliminate spawning hosts. Chemical seed dressing with 50% methylisothiphos cream 5ml water 500 ~ 600g, mixed herbs seeds 5 ~ 6kg, evenly sprayed, spreading after drying can be sown, valid for 30 to 35 days; or 3% furan per acre Dan granules 1kg seed dressing, can control earthworms, cockroaches, yellow ants, ground tigers and other underground pests. When the root is irrigated at the seedling stage, if it is found that the seedlings are cut off and the larvae enter the soil, the 90% crystal trichlorfon 800 times or the 50% phoxim EC 500 times can be used, and one of the above liquids may be used to fill the roots. ~ 10 days irrigation, continuous irrigation 2 ~ 3 times. In the field where the density of underground pests is high, 40% methylisophos- phorus 50-75g (all mu usage) can be used for 50-75kg of water, or 2.5% for 6,000-times killing, and 4,000 times faster for killing. Liquid, or worms swept the net, music this (according to the instructions for use), at 4 o'clock in the beginning of irrigation in the roots of the seedlings, the effect of killing the ground tiger up to 90%, but also can control lice and other underground pests. Sprinkle poisonous soil with 5% tert-butyl phosphate 2.5 ~ 3kg per acre, ditch Shi, point Shi can be, the efficacy period of up to 60 to 90 days; or 50% per acre of phoxim EC 500g, mixed with sand or Fine soil 25 ~ 30kg, in the drug root ditch drenched into the drug soil, then cover the soil; or combined with the cultivator will be applied to the soil, can control a variety of underground pests. In regions with good irrigation and water-logging conditions, after the occurrence of ground tigers, timely irrigation can receive unexpected disinfestation effects. Manually capture the topsoil around the newly infected seedlings or near the hole of the remaining stems and leaves in the field early in the morning to catch pests and concentrate them. There are many effective methods for trapping and killing adult worms: 1. Adults such as chafers (parasitoids), earthworms, and earthworms have a strong tendency toward black light. According to the actual situation in different places, under certain possible conditions, some black lights are placed on the adult's life to trap and kill. 2. 6 parts sugar, 3 parts vinegar, 1 part white wine, and 90% trichlorfon plus 1 uniform adjustment and loading pot can kill the adult tiger and other adults. 3. The glutinous wheat bran and bean cake are used to seduce and kill cockroaches. It is common to dig pits in the fields on rainy days in the evening, place baits, and collect the pests in the early morning of the next morning to concentrate them. 4. Bait poisoning can be first used 20% methomyl EC 100g, diluted with water 1kg, and then sprayed in 100kg of fresh grass or chopped vegetables (about 16cm or so), mixed baits, stacked in the field in the evening, at regular intervals Piled into a small pile with a diameter of 30 to 40cm and a height of 15cm. Mu is used to kill tigers with a 25kg bait. Or about 1m long fresh twigs in 40% diluted omethoate solution diluted 50 times, after 10 hours to remove, in the evening to insert the sowed medicinal herbs field, 25 to 40 sticks per mu, trap and kill the beetle effect is good. Or put 2.5kg of fresh rapeseed cake (or peanut cake) into thin pieces, put saute in the pot, put the fried cake in the bucket, and then pour the trichlorfon into a bucket with warm water, stuffy 3 For ~5 minutes, in the evening, the bait is divided into several small portions and placed in the trenches of the transplanting drug field. The poisoned dead tiger parasites can be seen early in the morning. After the ground application was finished in the evening, use a backpack sprayer, use 2 buckets of clean water per acre, add 2.5% of the enemy's killing 8ml per bucket of clear water, and mix it into a 2000-fold solution. Stir well and spray it all over the floor. Due to the decrease in temperature at night, low evaporation, and dew coverage, the soil and seedling trees are in a wet state, ensuring efficacy. For all types of tiger larvae almost 100% of the pest control effect. This insect extermination technique can be used to improve seedlings in various herbs, and it is rare to see insecticides that are harmful to soil pests. Plant spraying When the seedlings of medicinal plants have holes, nicks, and other damage, use 90% trichlorfon 800-1000 times, 50% phoxim EC 1000-1500 times, and 50% diazoxide agricultural EC 1000-1500 times. Liquid, 20% antibiotic amine emulsion 500 times, the above agents are optionally sprayed or used interchangeably. Adult stage in the evening spray 2 to 3 times, re-spray once every 7 to 10 days; also available 2.5% trichlorfon powder spray 1 ~ 1.5kg per mu, have better control effect.