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Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Common Diseases and Pests of Fungus
First, the disease involves various mold and ear-related issues.
1. Use only clean, potable water throughout the production process. When the ingredients are properly prepared, increase the pH by 2% to 3% to inhibit microbial growth.
2. Before inoculation, disinfect all equipment such as inoculation boxes, chambers, bags, strains, tools, and sealing plugs. Apply 10 ml of formaldehyde per cubic meter, along with 5 g of potassium permanganate or 3–4 g of fumigation agents. This ensures a sterile environment for the culture.
3. After bagging the culture material, sterilize it promptly. At 100°C, maintain the pressure at atmospheric level for 8 to 12 hours to ensure complete sterilization and prevent contamination.
4. Regular inspections are essential. Remove any infected strains or bags immediately and ensure proper ventilation and drying to reduce humidity, which can promote fungal growth.
5. If mildew appears during the germination phase, isolate the affected area by covering it with a plastic bag and spray the moldy spot with a solution of fungicide, such as carbendazim, or apply the powder directly to control the spread.
6. Clean up any residual ears promptly and spray the area with a 0.2% carbendazim solution or a diluted bleach solution to prevent further infection.
7. For dermatomycosis, in addition to preventive measures, you can use a chlortetracycline (or oxytetracycline) solution at 25 units per milliliter, or a 300-fold dilution of zeocin (or tetracycline) to treat the affected areas effectively.
Second, insect infestations are common, including mosquitoes, flies, and cockroaches.
1. Maintain strict environmental hygiene to eliminate breeding grounds. Dispose of waste and pollution bags regularly, remove litter, and spread lime on the ground to reduce moisture and deter insects.
2. Prevent adult insects from entering the bacterial room by installing screen doors. During peak periods, spray window gauze with an 80% dichlorvos solution diluted 500 times or a 50% wettable powder solution at 1 kg per 500 kg of water.
3. Use traps to control pests. One method is to prepare a sweet and sour liquor mixture (0.5 parts liquor, 2 parts water, 3 parts brown sugar, and 4 parts vinegar) in a porcelain dish and add a few drops of dichlorvos or trichlorfon to trap adult insects. Another option is to use black lights or regular incandescent lamps near the cultivation area, adding a few drops of dichlorvos to kill flying insects.
4. Manually remove large insects like cockroaches. You can also mix calcium cyanamide (at a ratio of 50:1) with crushed grass and place it near the cultivation site in the evening. Methyl odor fumigation at 600 mg per liter can kill nematodes, while pyrethrin-based sprays can be used to control worms in the cultivation room.
By following these detailed steps, you can significantly reduce the risk of contamination and pest infestation, ensuring a healthier and more productive growing environment.