Bio Pesticide Green Hope

Green Pesticide Green Hope Yang Linjing Recently, some academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in an interview with the media called for: We must vigorously develop pollution-free biological pesticides, replace biological pesticides as soon as possible with chemical pesticides, and strive to reduce the agricultural environment and agricultural product pollution caused by chemical pesticides and Damage caused by people's health to ensure the sustainable development of China's agriculture in the 21st century. The development of bio-pesticides is imperative. Wu Zhengyun, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, believes that while enjoying the many conveniences that modern civilization brings, humanity has also suffered the consequences of environmental pollution and ecological imbalances. The long-term use of chemical pesticides has brought many problems. For example, insects produce drug resistance and lead to continuous increase in the use of pesticides. The production of agricultural products such as food, fruits and vegetables produces residual poisons, and these crops are used as a result of bioaccumulation. The wild and domestic animals in food have increased their remnants. Therefore, in many western countries, chemical pesticides are no longer used, and biological control and biological pesticides have been used instead of chemical pesticides. With the growth of China’s economic strength and the strengthening of people’s awareness of health and environmental protection, the public’s demand for green food is also increasing. At the same time, China’s accession to the WTO will soon require the export of agricultural products to call for pollution-free biological pesticides. According to a survey conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the number of cereals taken from pests and diseases every year in the world is 20% to 40%, resulting in an economic loss of US$120 billion. In order to cope with pests and diseases, the world produces more than 2 million tons of pesticides each year, mainly chemical pesticides, and about 2 million people in the world poison each year due to the use of chemical pesticides, of which approximately 40,000 are dead. The World Conference on Environment and Development held in 1992 clearly stated that “by 2000, the sales and use of chemical pesticides should be controlled globally, and the use of biological pesticides should reach 60%”. According to statistics, there were 210 food poisonings caused by pesticides in China in 1994 alone, the number of poisoned persons was 4,161, and 32 people died. After related laboratory tests, some pesticide species have been proven to have carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic toxicity. Long-term use of certain chemical pesticides, pests and pests will also produce drug resistance. Since the use of chemical pesticides, insecticide-resistant pests have increased from 10 to the current 417 species. The biggest advantage of biological pesticides is that they are safe to humans and animals, non-toxic, and do not pollute the environment. They only kill pests, do not kill pest natural enemies, and are not susceptible to resistance. They are the only choice for developing green agriculture. Han Huipeng, vice president of the China Agricultural University, pointed out that agriculture in the 21st century is inseparable from advances in biotechnology, and pesticide residues will be a hidden problem that restricts the export of agricultural products in China. According to statistics, in recent years, more and more hazardous residue limit standards have become a green barrier for international trade in food and agricultural products. The export of traditional agricultural products in China is therefore being increasingly threatened and challenged. In the agricultural and sideline products exported from China, the loss due to the problem of residual pesticides amounted to 7.4 billion U.S. dollars in 1997, causing huge losses. From the perspective of export-oriented products, many key products such as tea, vegetables, fruits, and tobacco have had to reduce exports due to excessive pesticide residues. In the case of tea alone, the use of biological pesticides instead of chemical pesticides ensures that there is no pesticide residue contamination. At present, China exports nearly 200,000 tons of tea every year, while export increases by 10,000 tons can earn 2 million US dollars. It is not difficult to see that the use of pollution-free bio-pesticides will create very favorable conditions for the export of agricultural products in China and greatly increase the international competitiveness of China's agricultural products. The development of bio-pesticides has received attention from countries around the world. In recent years, the development of bio-pesticides has gradually taken shape, and the speed of promotion has accelerated. In response to the various maladies emerging from chemical pesticides, some countries have already begun to develop a series of biopesticides with strong selectivity, high efficiency, low cost, no pollution to the environment, and no harm to humans and animals. At present, the most commonly used fungal pesticides in biological pesticides are Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, which can control about 20 species of pests. Among the bacterial pesticides, the most widely used is currently Bacillus thuringiensis, which is mainly used to control more than 150 species of Lepidoptera and many other pests such as cotton, vegetables and fruits, and its efficacy is 55% higher than that of chemical pesticides. Virus insecticides can effectively control Spodoptera litura nuclear polyhedrosis virus (SLNPV). At present, there are about 30 kinds of commercial biological pesticides in the world, only B. t preparation a 1997 sales reached 984 million US dollars. In addition, there are a large number of biological pesticides are entering the field test stage, the development prospects of biological pesticides will be very broad. China has made gratifying progress in the research and development of biological pesticides. Pyrethrum is an insecticidal plant native to Central Asia that was introduced into Europe, the United States, and Japan in the mid-19th century. Our country had experimented with planting in many southern provinces, but it has not been developed. In the 1980s, with the efforts of the Kunming Institute of Botany and other units of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, pyrethrum had achieved success in the promotion of cultivation experiments in central Yunnan. After years of research, the Kunming Institute of Plant Science and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has completed the intermediate test production of pyrethroids using carbon dioxide supercritical fluids and the refining process of pyrethroids, providing technical support for the industrialization of pyrethrum. For the first time, Chinese scientists have used pyrethrum to successfully develop pollution-free bio-pesticides. The processed products of natural pyrethrum have become pest-free bio-pesticides with good insecticidal effects. After many years of research and development, the experts of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences have screened the improved species of pyrethrum, and the cultivation, planting technology and extraction technology are quite mature. The refined products containing 50% pyrethrin have been developed and the industrialization of pyrethrum has been completed. All of the basic research has made our country at the same level as the developed countries in the development of pollution-free biological pesticides, which has laid a good foundation for the development of green agriculture in China. Overcome the bottleneck restricting the development of biological pesticides in China. Experts pointed out that the main problems that currently seriously affect the development of biological pesticides in China are as follows: First, research and development are disconnected from production, and the conversion rate of scientific research results is low. At present, biological pesticides are mainly researched by scientific research units, and their work focuses on strain breeding and fermentation experiments. However, most pesticide companies in China do not have new product research and development institutions, resulting in the scientific research and production of biological pesticides belonging to different departments and interests. Irrelevant, scientific research achievements and technology transfer channels are not smooth, especially the study of product environmental toxicology is very few, and this is an essential part of the development of a commercial bio-pesticides, which has restricted many promising biological The marketization of pesticides. The second problem is that the formulation is difficult and the product quality is unstable. Many of the active ingredients of biological pesticides are living microorganisms. Due to the high technical requirements for the formulation of their products, together with the formulation of biological preparations in China and the backward production process, the physical and chemical indicators, stability, and the content of active ingredients in different batches are also preserved. Can not meet the commercialization requirements, resulting in the formulation of living microbial pesticides become a bottleneck in the development of biological pesticides in China. Third, the production enterprises are small in scale, single in variety and difficult to develop. At present, there are more than 200 pesticide production enterprises in China, most of them are small enterprises and township enterprises. Their technology, capital, and production scale are all vulnerable to changes in the market. Fourth, there are certain difficulties in the promotion and application. At present, besides antibiotics, due to the long duration of action of biological pesticides and their slow effectiveness, farmers' awareness of environmental protection and sustainable development is relatively weak, making it difficult to apply and popularize plant pesticides and microbial pesticides. Therefore, relevant departments are also required to make concerted efforts to tackle problems and overcome difficulties. For a large agricultural country like China, it is necessary to vigorously develop and use pollution-free biological pesticides, which has a broad market and prospects.

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