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First, the greenhouse conditions The shed is a brick cement surface, "people" shaped plastic roof, divided into two layers, the inner layer is white plastic, covered by straw, fixed with a rope. The greenhouses are east-west, spanning 20 meters from north to south, and there are two rows of octagonal pools in the south and two rows, each with 10 rows. Each pool has an area of ​​50 square meters. The drainage outlet is at the bottom of the pool. The total water body of the greenhouse is 1000 square meters, including seedlings. 600 cubic meters of cultivating body, 400 cubic meters of bait cultivating water, 5 sets of impellers) aerators, 4 tanks for oxygenation, 1 sand filter tank and 4 deepwater wells.
Second, the sources, selection, transportation and holding of the parents
1. The source of the parent ginseng was purchased from Long Island, selected as dark brown, with obvious variegation, body length of 20 cm, weight of 250 g or more, gonads full of litchi-like bifurcations, thickened ends, and free spread of eggs. More than 10% of gonadal index, fat-free pro-ginseng.
2. Transportation Dry and wet transport methods use foam plastic boxes.
(1) Dry transport method. Discharge single heads at the bottom of the box, then cover a small amount of soft seaweed, grass and bags of crushed ice to cool
(2) Wet transport method. Discharge the parent list at the bottom of the tank, then add a small amount of seawater and bagged crushed ice to cool. The transport time is preferably controlled within 8 hours. Avoid bumps on the way to avoid injury to the parental compound and to see if it is dirty. Before entering the pool, the slight scratches should be soaked in antibiotics (such as penicillin) for 1-2 hours to prevent infection.
3. The temporary stocking of the pro-parent stockings is 25-30 heads per square meter, the water temperature is 16-17 degrees, and the optimal salinity is 28‰-31‰. No bait, intermittent micro-oxygenation. Change the water once a day in the morning and evening, the inlet with 200 mesh filter into the pool, the water temperature changes in the range of 0.5-1 °C, changing the water when the fecal dirt is completely removed, draining the dirty individual timely delivery. Gradually warmed up to 19 degrees to be produced. Dimmed light during temporary maintenance to prevent bunching of sea cucumbers. The holding time should not be too long, generally not more than 10 days, the best ovulation within 7-8 days.
Third, spawning, hatching, breeding
1. Spawning and fertilization We use natural emissions. The pro-spot concentration spawning between spawning is between 7:00 and 11:00 in the evening, and the room should be kept low or no light. The pro refers to the wall of the pool and climbs up to the surface of the water. The telescopic head oscillates and shows signs of spawning. After 0.5-1 hour of male ginseng, females will lay eggs one after another. Workers will move spawning and pro-spawning into a pre-prepared water tank with a temperature of 20-21 degrees, and the male and female will be discharged separately. Do not put too much pro-catenin in each tank, and it is better to keep it within 0.5-1 hour. Remove the pro-parasites, remove a small amount of semen into the spawning trough, artificial insemination, and mix well. After counting, pour into the incubation pond to hatch.
2. After hatching, the fertilized eggs are counted and then incubated at a density of 0.8-1 cells per milliliter. The water temperature is 20-22 degrees, and the gas is aerated. The aeration is performed every 30 minutes to promote the fertilization. The eggs are allowed to float on the 6th to prevent the eggs from sinking and overly concentrated. In the absence of oxygen, abnormal embryos die. Fertilized eggs develop to ear larval early 30 hours, 45 to 48 hours after ear small intestinal communication, you can vote. The general hatching rate is above 80%.
3. After the small ear intestine communicates in the early stage of breeding, the water is stopped and the larvae are floated. The breeding method is immediately selected. The breeding method is to scoop the upper larvae into the 200-mesh cage, and then quickly put the larvae in the cage into the pools. .
Four, planktonic larval rearing
1. The density of early ear density larvae is generally controlled at 0.4-0.6/ml, and can be increased or decreased according to the water quality conditions and feed conditions, but the maximum can not exceed 1/ml; to the late ear larvae, the density can reach 0.1-0.2 /ml.
2. The feeding eggs can be baited after communicating in the small ear-like digestive tract 45-48 hours after fertilization. The most suitable species of the ear larvae are Chaetoceros dinoflagellates and Dunaliella salina, followed by diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and again the golden algae, preferably Chaetoceros, Drosophila, and most of the species. Feeding. The monocytic algae feed must be cultivated 1 to 1.5 months before spawning. The initial feeding amount was 10,000 to 20,000 cells/ml, and the middle to late period was 30,000 to 50,000 cells/ml. In each period, an additional 0.25 g/m3 of marine yeast was added. Feeding should be less investment and diligence, and the number of feedings should be gradually increased from 4 times per day at the beginning of the pool to 8 times per day at the late stage of larval larvae. The amount of feed should be based on the amount of stomach content, and most of the larvae can be half stomach to 2/3 stomach, or too much or too little feeding at a time can cause larvae to shrink or even rot the stomach due to indigestion.
3. In the early stage of management, ear-like larvae are of weak constitution. In order to prevent changing the water, the water level is controlled to be 60 cm. After that, water is added 10 cm a day. After 4 days, the water is changed. Each time, 1/3, the water volume changes with the development of larvae. 3 gradually increased to the whole pool for water. During swimming, do not pour the pool (unless the water quality deteriorates rapidly), keep the water fresh by changing the water and sucking the bottom, and suck the bottom once every 3-4 days until you attach the base. Micro-inflation can improve the larvae's living environment, prevent larvae from pile-up, and if necessary, stir the pool several times a day. Cultivate planktonic larval water temperature - generally controlled at 20-22°C, with a salinity of 26.2 ‰ 32.7 ‰.
Five, metamorphosis from fertilized egg development to big ear larvae take 7-9 days, and then began to reduce the metamorphosis to the larvae, after 2 days of metamorphosis into five tentacles larvae, five tentacles larvae in 1-2 days variable state as juvenile parameters.
Sixth, the cultivation of juveniles
1. The types of adhesive bases to be attached are generally polyvinyl chloride corrugated sheets and plastic films. Before use, soak for 2 days with 5% sodium hydroxide, wash repeatedly with clean seawater, then soak for 10 minutes with 10 mg/elevated potassium manganate or soak for 2–3 hours with 2 mg/L dipterex solution. spare. When the large ear-shaped larvae begin to contract, the juvenile form of the B9 will appear, and when it is grasped, the division will place the attachment base. After investigating the foundation, the water should be changed. After the development of five tentacles larvae, from planktonic life to benthic life, and soon become ginseng, during this period, mainly feeding rattus algae grinding liquid, "saut", with the bait.
2. The seedling density is 0.3-2/cm2. If the juvenile density is too high, the survival rate will decrease.
3. Feeding the early juvenile ginseng to feed benthic diatoms, sargassum milled liquid, etc., according to 0.5-1.5 liters / cubic meter of water feeding, 2 times / day. After being 2 mm in length, the rats were mainly fed with gristal liquid and dietary supplement. Daily dried yeast tablets were added to help digestion with 0.25-0.5 g/m3, 2 times per day. Feeding should be based on juvenile feeding conditions, water temperature, water quality and other flexibility.
4. The management of juveniles should be increased during the cultivation of water, the amount of water to change to achieve more than 2-3 full-volume, about 1 week down the pool once to completely eliminate the residual baits, feces and pool bottom wall dirt. The water temperature is controlled at 24-26 degrees.
5. Disease prevention 1 Copepods (mainly fierce water scabs, sword water scoops, etc.). Not only does it compete with bastard for bait and living space, but it also uses its developed mouthparts to tear through the body surface of juveniles and prey on juveniles, resulting in the loss of jujube bone fragments. With 2-3 g/m3 crystal Trichlorfon Quanchiposa, 2 hours after the large water can be removed. 2 ulceration disease. During the incubation period of juveniles (from June to November), the water temperature is high, the bacteria breeds quickly, and the inverted pool is injured or infected by copepods causing the juveniles to fester and disintegrate. Use 3-5 g/m3 of penicillin for 3 to 5 days. At the same time take cooling measures to keep the water temperature below 26 degrees.
Seven test results
In the end of May and early June, 1500 heads of pro-ginseng were purchased, and 430 million fertilized eggs were hatched. 390 million ear-eared larvae were hatched, the hatching rate was 90%, and the larval rearing density was 0.4-0.6/ml, which was 300 million. Remaining discarded. The ear-larvae reached 150 million, and the densities of juveniles were 0.3-2/cm2. The attachment rate of juveniles was 10%, accounting for 15 million heads. At the end of November, a total of 6 million juvenile ginsengs were released. According to 0.2 yuan/head, the total output value was 1.2 million yuan, deducting the current production cost and the depreciation of greenhouses by 225,000 yuan, and net profit of 97.5 million yuan.
Eight, experience
1. This experiment has enabled nursery farms to be in production all year round, making full use of nursery water bodies and nursery facilities, which not only increases economic income, but also opens up a new path for coastal fishermen to change production and increase employment opportunities.
2. The use of seawater in deep wells has greatly improved the water quality of nursery and reduced the occurrence of diseases. During the hot season, especially during the high-temperature period in August, the near-seawater temperature as high as 28-30 °C, will cause a large number of juveniles to death, the use of deep-water wells to avoid the water temperature is too high, providing a good living environment for the juvenile parameters, improve the survival of the juvenile parameters Rate to ensure the smooth progress of nursery.
Utilization of turbot breeding greenhouses for sea cucumber breeding
In recent years, with the rise of the cultured turbot of turbot in Western Europe, a lot of turbot breeding sites have been built along the coast—with a strong seasonal breeding season—usually ending in July and August of the year of repentance, turbot breeding. The idleness of facilities for the past half year has caused enormous waste of manpower and material resources. In 2002, we used the turbot breeding shed to carry out the sea cucumber seedling test.