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Strawberries and balsam pear greenhouse interplanting
According to the fact that strawberries are more cold-resistant and not heat-resistant, bitter gourds are warm and heat-tolerant, they grow strawberries in plastic greenhouses in the winter and interplant the bitter gourd in the early spring. This not only makes full use of the land and greenhouses, but also allows bitter gourd to serve the city in the morning and achieve a better economy. benefit. First, strawberry cultivation techniques Variety selection. Special varieties suitable for cultivation in protected areas, such as Japan's Tokaka, should be selected. This variety has high yield, early maturity, long supply period, dense texture, many sap, sweet and sour taste, storage and transportation, and resistance to chlorosis and wilt disease. . 2. Nursery. Grass poisoning seedlings are usually grown with stingy stems in production. The method is simple and easy, and the propagation coefficient is high. - Selection of mother plants In order to cultivate quality seedlings, dedicated mother plants should be selected. The selection of mother plants requires obvious cultivar characteristics, robust growth, and no pests and diseases. - The planting and colonization period of the mother plant is from mid-March to mid-April. The mother plant is soiled and the old leaves, diseased leaves and flower stems are removed. According to the spacing of 80 cm or 100 cm in a single row on the side of the plant. - The parent plant manages the shed insulation and moisturizing, which can spray gibberellin to promote early-onset and multiple-rooted stolons. After the mother plant survives until mid-July, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer, and thin fertilizer is applied every 15-20 days. In the flowering period, spikes and sporadic early-stage stolons are removed. After the stems are pumped, they are sorted and crushed in one direction, allowing the stems to grow toward one side. In the rainy season, pesticides are sprayed and prevented in time. During the high temperature period, shading nets were used to protect the seedlings. ——The method of promoting flower bud differentiation has short daylight treatment and cooling treatment. The use of short-day light treatment, the method is to shading a month before planting, with a strong shade of silver or black film, daily from 6 pm to 8 o'clock the next day to cover, so that the sunshine hours shortened within 10 (hours). 3. Land preparation. For sorghum and fertilization basal fertilizer should be sufficient, mainly long-term organic fertilizer. Mushi rotted bar fertilizer 5000 kilograms or chicken manure 2000 kilograms, cake fertilizer 300 kilograms, compound fertilizer 30-40 kilograms. The base fertilizer is fully applied and fully mixed with the soil. In the shed, it was made 6 inches wide, 60 to 70 centimeters wide, 3-40 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters high. 4. Timely colonization. The colonization time for planting in protected fields is generally from mid-August to mid-September, with 5-6 unfolded leaves, well-developed root systems, no mosaic disease, and chlorosis-free seedlings. The old yellow leaves and weeds are removed. Day or sunny evening colonization, spacing 15-2 cm, spacing 90 cm. After planting, water or thin human excrement is sufficient to promote survival and differentiation of the terminal bud. After the survival, the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to prevent the axillary buds from differentiating and the stem stems are germinated. 5. Field management. - Film insulation. In late October, after the first axillary buds were differentiated, the plants were filmed before they had entered dormancy. Premature mulching affects the differentiation of axillary buds, and lately leaves the plants in dormancy. - Fertilizer management. Strawberry harvesting period is long, fertilizer and water requirements are large, it is necessary to regularly add water and fertilizer. Water supply drip irrigation equipment, watering in time. During the whole growing season of strawberries, it takes 2-3 top dressings. The first time was priming fertilizer, which was applied 2-3 days after planting, mainly nitrogen fertilizer. The second time was the fruit fertilizer, which was applied before flowering and was dominated by nitrogen and potassium fertilizers. The third time after the first and second grades of fruit harvest, phosphorus and potash fertilizers were the main components. - Planting. Excessive sprouting of axillary buds tends to cause excessive branching and nutrient dispersion. It is advisable to leave 2-3 squid branches per plant, and only 12-15 pieces of robust leaves need to be retained, and old leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time. The inflorescence of each file should be removed promptly when the fruit is harvested quickly to stimulate the inflorescences of the new inflorescence. ——The main disease of disease prevention and treatment is gray mold. Ventilation and air conditioning should be done well, and the plant should be cleaned up, and controlled by quick keratin or a smoked spirit. —— The timely harvest of strawberries has a harvest period and harvest peak. The intercropping period for strawberry was in mid-November. In late January, it was the peak harvest period. The whole harvest period lasted for more than 5 months. Second, balsam pear cultivation technology Variety selection. Should choose strong growth potential, strong branching ability, heat resistance, disease resistance, high yield, and green white or white varieties suitable for consumption habits in Hangzhou, such as the species are Changbai bitter gourd, Qingfeng bitter gourd, Zhuzhou Changbai bitter gourd and so on. 2. Sowing seedlings. Interplanted bitter gourd sowed in mid-January. Seed soaking before sowing germination, seeding after transplanting 2-3 days into the nutrients culture. Nursery sheds maintain a temperature of 25-30°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, with less watering and more light. From the two true leaves of the seedlings began to increase with the bitter gourd production treatment, once every 3-4 days, a total of 3 times. 3. Colonization. Ten centimeters of soil temperature is stable above 10°C (Hangzhou from late March to early April). The bitter gourd seedlings are planted on both sides of the shed and on the middle of the pod. Dig a hole in the middle of a hole and apply a little compound fertilizer. The spacing between the branches is 50 cm and 100 cm for the non-pruning. When planting, the root should not be in direct contact with the compound fertilizer, the cotyledons should be exposed on the ground, and the root water should be poured after planting. 4. Field management - The first cultivator in the 4-5 days after cultivating the root water, 7-10 cm deep, two cultivators after two weeks, 3-5 cm deep. No cultivator after the scaffolding. —— Top dressing 2-3 times top dressing. 2-3 days after colonization, the first topdressing was performed on a sunny day and evening evening. Thin human feces and urine were applied, and the second application was performed before flowering to promote fruiting. The third time after the harvest was applied twice, NPK combined use. In addition to dressing on the ground, it is also possible to topdress the foliage and promote vigorous growth of the plants. - Removal of Strawberries One week after the bitter gourd was colonized, the strawberry was set on the planting loquat and the strawberries on the edge of the bitter gourd were removed. After another week, in late April, all the strawberries on the planting louse can be removed to prevent strawberry roots and bitter gourd root from competing for nutrients. In May, remove all the strawberries and save management time. - Framed vines with arches as a structure. Bring bitter gourd on both sides to the middle of the vine. When it is 30cm in length, it is tied with vines. After that, it is tied every 4-5 knots. - Trifoliate flowers to remove the base side vine. After the main vine is 1m long, two stout side vines are selected to lead to the main vine growth direction. For some female flowers, some female flowers may be properly removed to control the amount of individual plants and prevent melons and deformed melons. When males are too much, remove the unopened male flowers. 5. Harvested in time. White cultivars are rapidly expanding and prominent, and can be harvested when they are shiny. In the early stage, it should be harvested once every 5-6 days. The full fruit period should be 2-3 days. Before the sun comes out, it is advisable to collect the yellow color of the harvest at noon or in the afternoon and it is not tolerant of storage and transportation.